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SAFI

SAFI

Assessment

Presentation

University

Practice Problem

Medium

Created by

Aneesh Das

Used 2+ times

FREE Resource

33 Slides • 15 Questions

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Concept

A concept is a term that expresses an abstract idea by generalizing from particulars and summarizing related observations. Concepts simplify the research process and facilitate communication among researchers.

  • Purpose: To simplify complex phenomena into general, shared categories.

  • Examples in Media Research: Television viewing, message length, readability, radio listening, magazine usage.

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Construct

A construct is a more complex, abstract idea, often intentionally created for a specific research purpose. It is typically broken down into multiple related concepts or dimensions. Because of its abstraction, it cannot be observed directly.

  • Examples in Media Research:

    • Authoritarianism, Advertising Effectiveness, Involvement

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Variable


A variable is the empirical counterpart of a concept or construct. It represents the measurable phenomena or events that researchers observe or manipulate. Variables must be given an operational definition to be studied.

  • Characteristic: A variable must be able to take on more than one value (it must vary).

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The variable that is observed and whose value is presumed to depend on the effects of the independent variable (the assumed effect).

  • Example: The viewer's perception of the newscaster's credibility.

Dependent Variable

The variable systematically varied or manipulated by the researcher (the assumed cause).

  • Example: The camera angle (e.g., low, high, eye-level) used to film a newscaster.

Independent Variable

Types of variables

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Multiple Choice

In a study on "Influence of time spend on social media on family relationships" which is the independent variable?

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Duration of family interactions
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Family relationship dynamics
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Time spent on social media
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Social media platform usage

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following is considered a secondary source of data collection in media studies?

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Observation

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Interviewing

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Documents

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Questionnaire

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Quantitative research

Quantitative research requires that the

variables under consideration be measured.

This form of research is concerned with how

often a variable is present and generally uses

numbers to communicate this amount.

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following is most likely to result from poorly framed survey questions?

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Reliable data collection

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Efficient use of resources

3

Unreliable data and incorrect conclusions

4

Improved decision-making

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a characteristics of good survey questions?

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Vague and open-ended.
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Lengthy and detailed.
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Clarity and conciseness.
4
Ambiguity and complexity.

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Multiple Choice

Why double-barreled questions should be avoided in survey research.

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They can confuse respondents and lead to unreliable data.

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Such questions simplify the survey process for respondents.
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Help in gathering more detailed responses from participants.

4

Provide clear insights and reliable data.

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Multiple Choice

Open-ended questions provide respondents with the opportunity to express themselves freely, but what is one disadvantage of using open-ended questions in surveys?

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They are easy to analyze

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They limit the variety of information collected

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They may be difficult for some respondents to answer

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They eliminate interviewer bias

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a disadvantage of closed questions in research?

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They provide a wide variety of information.

2

They reduce investigator bias.

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They may condition the thinking of respondents.

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They encourage deep thinking through the issue.

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Multiple Choice

The Likert scale allows for which of the following?

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Precise measurement of the attitude itself

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Comparisons between individuals or groups

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Ranking only within a single individual

4

No identification of patterns among participants

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Multiple Choice

In the Likert scale procedure, a response of 'Strongly Disagree' to a positive statement is assigned a value of ___

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-1
2

0

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1
4

5

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about the Thurstone scale is/are correct?

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It assigns a weight to each statement based on judges' ratings.

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It uses a continuum of agreement or disagreement.

3

It provides a single score for all statements.

4

It does not require any scoring system.

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Multiple Choice

Which attitudinal scale is described as one of the most difficult to construct and therefore is rarely used?

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Likert scale

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Thurstone scale

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Guttman scale

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Semantic differential scale

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following steps can the concept of validity be applied to in the research process?

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Study design

2

Sampling strategy

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Conclusions drawn

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All of the above

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Multiple Choice

A researcher collects the same set of information more than once using the same instrument under the same conditions and gets similar results. What does this indicate about the instrument?

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It is reliable

2

It is valid

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It is biased

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It is inconsistent

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Multiple Choice

The process of examining every member in a population is called a ___.

1
census
2
sampling
3
survey
4
polling

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Multiple Select

Which of the following is a probability sampling method?

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Convenience sampling

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Purposive sampling

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Snowball sampling

4

Systematic random sampling

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