Focus on Nucleic Acids

Multiple Choice

Why are nucleic acids considered essential for life?

• They store genetic information and direct cellular activities.

• They provide energy for muscle contraction.

• They help in digestion of food.

• They are responsible for oxygen transport in blood.

Hotspot

Which arrow is pointing to the sugar?

Hotspot

Which arrow is pointing to the phosphate?

Labeling

Match the letter to the part.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Deoxyribose Sugar

Phosphate

Nitrogen Bases (2)

Hydrogen Bonds

Covalent Bond

Open Ended

Explain the significance of the sugar-phosphate backbone in the structure of DNA and RNA.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following correctly describes the difference between AMP, ADP, and ATP?

• AMP has one phosphate group, ADP has two, and ATP has three.

• AMP has three phosphate groups, ADP has one, and ATP has two.

• AMP has two phosphate groups, ADP has three, and ATP has one.

• AMP, ADP, and ATP all have the same number of phosphate groups.

Open Ended

Explain how hydrogen bonds contribute to the structure of the DNA double helix.

Labeling

Create a doubles stranded DNA sequence by dragging the complementary nucleotide sequence into position.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

AUC

TCC

CCA

TAG

GGC

Multiple Choice

What macromolecule transforms the rough strain of S. pneumoniae into the smooth strain, making it deadly?

• DNA

• Protein

• RNA

• Lipids

Multiple Choice

In the Hershey-Chase experiment, radioactive sulfur (35S) was used to label phage protein. After infection and centrifugation, where was the radioactivity found?

• In the liquid, not in the pellet

• In the pellet, not in the liquid

• Equally in both the pellet and the liquid

• Nowhere, it disappeared

Fill in the Blanks

In the Hershey-Chase experiment, radioactive phosphorus (32P) was used to label phage

.

Open Ended

Based on the experiments by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase, what evidence supported the conclusion that DNA, and not protein, is the genetic material?

Multiple Choice

What was the main conclusion of the Hershey-Chase experiment depicted in the image?

• Protein is the genetic material

• DNA is the genetic material

• Both protein and DNA are genetic materials

• Neither protein nor DNA is the genetic material

Multiple Select

Based on Chargaff's data, which two bases are present in nearly equal amounts in the DNA of all organisms listed?

• Adenine and Cytosine

• Thymine and Guanine

• Adenine and Thymine

• Guanine and Cytosine

Drag and Drop

In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, if you have 20% Adenine present then you would have ​

Placeholder

% Guanine,

​

Placeholder

% Cytosine, and ​

Placeholder

% Thymine present.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

20

30

60

40

10

Multiple Choice

What important information about DNA did this image provide?

• The black and white pattern implied DNA had positive and negative charges.

• The light circle in the center implied DNA strands were not bonded together.

• The x-shape immediately suggested DNA had a double-helix structure.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best describes the significance of Watson and Crick's discovery of DNA structure?

• It explained the chemical composition of proteins.

• It provided a model for how genetic information is stored and transmitted.

• It proved that proteins are the genetic material.

• It showed that DNA cannot mutate.

Multiple Choice

Which base pairs are held together by three hydrogen bonds in DNA?

• Adenine and Thymine

• Guanine and Cytosine

• Adenine and Uracil

• Thymine and Cytosine

Open Ended

Explain the significance of the major and minor grooves in the DNA double helix structure.

Fill in the Blanks

The bond that links nucleotides together in a DNA strand is called a

bond.

Multiple Choice

What is the primary force that stabilizes the stacking of adjacent base pairs in DNA?

• Ionic bonds

• Van der Waals interactions

• Covalent bonds

• Disulfide bridges

Fill in the Blanks

The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions and are described as

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about the DNA double helix are correct?

• The strands are antiparallel.

• Base pairs are stabilized by hydrogen bonds.

• The backbone is made of sugar and phosphate.

• All bases pair with each other randomly.

Multiple Choice

Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

• Thymine

• Uracil

• Cytosine

• Adenine

Open Ended

Explain the role of hydrogen bonds in the structure of DNA and RNA.

Multiple Select

Which of the following are differences between DNA and RNA?

• DNA contains ribose sugar, RNA contains deoxyribose sugar

• DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded

• DNA contains uracil, RNA contains thymine

• DNA is more stable, RNA mutates more easily

Fill in the Blanks

Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus directly to the

.

Open Ended

Describe what happens to DNA during the process of melting (denaturation) and renaturation.

Fill in the Blanks

The process by which information from gene A in DNA is used to produce protein A involves the intermediate molecule

.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a nitrogenous base found only in RNA and not in DNA?

• Thymine

• Uracil

• Cytosine

• Adenine

Labeling

label the following parts of the DNA Molecule.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Phosphate

Hydrogen Bonds

nitrogen bases

sugars

Nucleotide

Hotspot

Which molecule represents RNA (ribonucleic acid)?

Multiple Choice

If a strand reads:
3' A A A T T T C 5'
The matching strand would read...

• 5' T T T A A A G 3'
• 3' T T T A A A G 5'
• 5' A A A T T T C 3'
• 3' U U U A A A G 5'

Open Ended

Summarize the main roles of nucleic acids discussed in today's lesson. How do DNA and RNA differ in their functions within the cell?