ACP review

Multiple Choice

Which statement applies to eukaryotic cells but not to prokaryotic cells?

• Utilize mitochondria during energy production

• Flow of nutrients and wastes occurs across a membrane

• Contain DNA as genetic material

• Perform metabolic processes with the help of chemicals

Multiple Choice

4A: Both euglena and cyanobacteria are photosynthetic unicellular organisms found in pond water. The feature that distinguishes euglena from cyanobacteria is the:

• Ability to maintain homeostasis

• Presence of ribosomes

• Ability to reproduce

• Presence of a nuclear membrane

Multiple Choice

Identify the Venn diagram section(s) which include(s) prokaryotic cells.

• I

• II, III, IV

• I, II, III, IV

• IV

Multiple Choice

Which organism is prokaryotic?

• Organism 1

• Organism 2

• Organism 3

• Organism 4

Multiple Choice

What evidence does not support the evolution of chloroplasts and mitochondria from prokaryotic cells?

• Fossil record

• Double membrane of organelles

• Similar methods of reproduction

• Presence of circular DNA

Multiple Choice

To maintain homeostasis, cells absorb and excrete substances through the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane. In which process do cells use vesicles to excrete substances?

• Facilitated diffusion

• Endocytosis

• Exocytosis

• Simple diffusion

Multiple Choice

A few drops of Lugol’s iodine solution placed in a beaker of water will turn the water red. A starch solution was poured into a length of dialysis tubing, and the ends were tied. The starch solution was clear and colorless. The tubing was then dropped into a beaker of iodine solution. After 10 minutes, the clear and colorless starch solution turned black, and the iodine water remained red.

Refer to the reading passage and diagram above. If the dialysis tubing represents a cell membrane, which of the following statements describes what is being observed in the changing color of the starch solution?

• Iodine cannot pass through a membrane.

• A semipermeable membrane will allow diffusion of selected molecules.

• Starch can be easily diffused through a membrane.

• A permeable membrane diffuses chemicals in and out of its surface.

Multiple Choice

How does the cell membrane help to maintain the health of the cell?

• By providing support and structure for the cell

• By regulating the transport of materials in and out of the cell

• By manufacturing protein to provide energy for the cell

• By storing food as future energy for the cell

Multiple Choice

A scientist is investigating cell transport. She observes molecules being transported into a cell through proteins present in the cell membrane. These proteins do not use energy to transport the molecules. Which of the following best explains the type of cell transport observed by the scientist?

• Active transport because membrane proteins were used

• Diffusion because the molecules were entering the cell

• Facilitated diffusion because the proteins were not using energy

• Osmosis because the molecules were moving against the concentration gradient

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best explains the process illustrated in the above diagram?

• Passage of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane to equalize concentration

• Transport of molecules across a membrane from a high to low concentration gradient by means of a carrier molecule

• Movement of molecules against a concentration gradient expending energy

• Separation of suspended particles from a fluid environment to a non-fluid environment through a porous membrane

Multiple Choice

4B: Some students used vinegar to dissolve away the shells of three eggs and used these eggs as models of human red blood cells. The students observed the changes in the eggs when they were placed in different solutions. Which statement best describes the role of the cell membrane in this model?

• The cell membrane is an impermeable barrier that prevents water from entering the cell.

• The cell membrane allows solutes to enter the cell, which causes the cell to shrink

• The cell membrane allows water to enter and leave the cell

• The cell membrane removes solutes from the environment

Multiple Choice

Which statement is incorrect?

• Some molecules diffuse through carrier proteins

• Molecule transport across a membrane can occur through endocytosis or exocytosis

• Osmosis is a type of passive transport and requires no energy input from the cell

• An isotonic solution has a higher concentration of dissolved particles than the cell

Multiple Choice

Which term describes the process illustrated in the diagram?

• Sexual reproduction

• Viral reproduction

• Mitotic reproduction

• Meiotic reproduction

Multiple Choice

4C: Which of these describes a difference between viruses and cells?

• Cells contain protein, and viruses only contain carbohydrates

• Viruses have flagella, and cells have only cilia

• Cells reproduce independently, and viruses require a host to reproduce

• Viruses have membranes made of proteins, and cells have membranes made of nucleic aci

Multiple Choice

4C: In the 1880s, Louis Pasteur developed a method for weakening viruses. The weakened viruses could be injected into healthy individuals. How is this method effective in fighting viral disease?

• The immune system develops antibodies in response to the weakened viruses.

• The weakened viruses attach to unaffected viruses in the host and interrupt the viral reproductive cycle

• The rate of genetic mutation in the host is decreased due to the introduction of weakened viruses

• Weakening viruses are unable to enter the host organism

Multiple Choice

5A: Scientists can bioengineer skin in a laboratory to treat severe burns and other types of skin injuries. This bioengineered tissue is grown from living cells. The cellular process that enables the cells to grow and develop into tissues is:

• Conjugation

• Meiosis

• Budding

• Mitosis

Multiple Choice

During which phase does DNA replication occur?

• G1

• S

• G2

• M

Multiple Choice

Arrange the stages in order.

• I, II, III, IV, V, VI

• VI, II, I, IV, V, III

• III, VI, I, IV, II, V

• V, III, IV, I II, VI

Multiple Choice

What part of the cell cycle results in daughter cells?

• Mitosis

• Prophase

• Cytokinesis

• G2 checkpoint

Multiple Choice

Cells pass through the G2 checkpoint before entering mitosis. Ideally, if DNA damage is detected, the cells do not enter mitosis until the damage is repaired. Why is DNA damage repaired before the cells enter mitosis?

• so that another round of DNA synthesis does not have to take place

• so that the chromosomes can align at the metaphase plate during mitosis

• so that the cytoplasm can be divided equally between the two daughter cells

• so that healthy daughter cells are produced, allowing the organism to continue growing

Multiple Choice

In this photomicrograph of an onion root tip, what phase of mitosis is cell A in?

• Anaphase

• Interphase

• Prophase

• Telophase

Multiple Choice

Cancer cells divide uncontrollably because of a failure in

• Protein replication

• glucose absorption

• photosynthesis

• the cell cycle

Multiple Choice

5C: Oncogenes are mutated forms of genes. Oncogenes can transform a cell into a tumor cell. Some tumor cells are benign, while others are malignant. How does the presences of an oncogene lead to the transformation of a tumor?

• ATP production is inhibited

• Cell division is unregulated

• Somatic cell growth is inhibited

• Antibody activity is unregulated

Multiple Choice

Cancer is caused by

• Out of control DNA replication

• Out of control cell cycle caused by damaged DNA

• Out of control cell cycle caused by cyclins

• Tumors

Multiple Choice

All of your cells have the same

• protiens

• carbohydrates

• microbes

• DNA

Multiple Choice

Stem cells are

• cells that grow uncontrollably.
• undifferentiated and can develop into many types of cells.
• cells that never go through cell division.
• only found in embryos.

Multiple Choice

What process best explains how muscle cells and nerve cells can develop from the same fertilized egg?

• genetic engineering
• survival of the fittest
• differentiation
• selective breeding

Multiple Choice

Which best explains why muscle cells are different from blood cells?

• Muscle cells are produced by the brain, but blood cells are produced by the heart. 
• Different genes are activated in muscle cells than in blood cells. 
• Muscles cells experience different environmental influences than blood cells. 
• A mutation occurs during the development of muscle cells but not in blood cells. 

Multiple Choice

Any change in the sequence of DNA is...

• transgenic shift
• Single Genotype
• Monohybrid Trait
• Mutation

Multiple Choice

What mutation has occurred here?

T-G-A-C-C-A

T-G-A-G-C-A

• Substitution

• Deletion

• Insertion

• Frameshift

Multiple Choice

Mutated DNA sequences that can be passed from parent to offspring --

• occur in somatic cells (body cells)
• occur in gametic cells (sex cells)
• are rejected by meiosis
• only occur if the parent is exposed to harmful substances

Multiple Choice

What is the significance of crossing over during meiosis?

• Genes from the mother and the father combine to increase the variety of traits expressed by their offpsring

• Gametes duplicate and alter the number of chromosomes present at the end of meiosis

• Gametes begin with 48 chromosomes and still have 48 chromosomes at the end of meiosis

• Genes replicate and ensure that the offspring have the same traits as the parents.

Multiple Choice

6G: During meiosis, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. This exchange of genetic material:

• increases the genetic variation

• reduces the diploid number to the haploid number

• increases the haploid number to the diploid number

• reduces the probability of mutations

Multiple Choice

Meiosis makes which kind of cells?

• sex cells

• skin cells

• eye cells

• hair cells

Multiple Choice

gametes are

• sex cells

• body cells

• skin cells

• eye cells

Multiple Choice

What is a phenotype

• The genetic make up (code)
• The physical trait

Multiple Choice

An allele whose trait only shows up when no dominant allele is present.

• hidden allele
• dominant allele
• recessive allele
• present allele

Multiple Choice

Which of the following genotypes would be considered heterozygous?

• BB
• gg
• Ff
• TT

Multiple Choice

Which of the following alleles is homozygous recessive?

• Tt
• tt
• TT
• T

Multiple Choice

In sheep, the allele for belly fur (A) is dominant to the allele for no belly fur (a): Two sheep with no belly fur mate and produce offspring. What is the percent chance that the offspring will have belly fur?

• 0%

• 25%

• 50%

• 75%

• 100%

Multiple Choice

What goes in box 3

• Aabb
• AABB
• AAbb
• aaBb

Multiple Choice

What is the genotype for a pea plant heterozygous for round seeds (R), and homozygous recessive for green seeds (y)?

• Ry
• RRyy
• RrYy
• Rryy

Multiple Choice

Cross Two Homozygous plants
(RRYY x rryy)
R = round seeds, r  = wrinkled seeds Y = yellow seeds, y = green seeds
What percent will have Round and Yellow seeds? 

• 0%
• 25%
• 50%
• 100%

Multiple Choice

In a dihybrid cross

• one trait is crossed.
• two traits are crossed.
• four boxes are needed for the punnett square.
• mom's alleles are dominant.

Multiple Choice

Based off this punnett square, what fraction of the offspring will have wrinkled, green seeds?

• 9/16

• 3/16

• 1/16

• 16/16

Multiple Choice

This type of inheritance pattern is a Blend of both traits.

• incomplete dominance

• co-dominance

• complete dominance

• recessive pattern

Multiple Choice

This type of inheritance pattern shows BOTH traits in possible offspring

• complete dominance
• incomplete dominance
• co-dominance
• dominant pattern

Multiple Choice

Which of the following genotypes belongs in the red box in the Punnett square?

• X^BX^B
• X^bX^b
• X^bY
• X^BY

Multiple Choice

If a gene is found only on the X chromosome and not the Y chromosome, it is said to be what?

• sex-linked trait

• polygenic trait

• codominant trait

• incomplete dominance trait

Multiple Choice

Components of DNA include a phosphate backbone and base pairs connected by a:

• Hydrogen bond

• Carbon bond

• Nitrogen bond

• Phosphate bond

Multiple Choice

6A: Which part of a DNA molecule is responsible for the direct coding of specific traits in an organism?

• The number of hydrogen bonds that hold the strands of DNA together

• The number of carbons in the DNA molecule

• The sequence of nucleotide bases in the DNA molecule

• The sequences of phosphates along each DNA strand

Multiple Choice

6A: A student used poster board to construct this model of a section of DNA. Which statement describes this model of DNA?

• The model is inaccurate because the base pairs are incorrect

• The model is accurate because it contains correctly paired bases

• The model is accurate because it shows each base splitting to form a double helix

• The model is inaccurate because some of the typical bases in DNA are missing

Multiple Choice

Which of the following correctly identifies the proper nitrogenous base pairing in DNA?

• A:T; G:C

• T:C; G:A

• T:U; C:G

• A:U; G:C

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best describes how the traits of an organism are determined by the DNA in their cells?

• DNA provides the energy needed for an organism to grow and function.

• DNA is copied into mRNA, which controls cellular functions.

• DNA codes for proteins which allow an organism to grow and function.

• DNA unzips and each strand codes for a different amino acid.

Multiple Choice

In 1952, Rosalind Franklin took an X-ray photograph that revealed the structure of DNA. James Watson and Francis Crick followed up on this discovery in 1953. They discovered that the molecule has a specific shape that can best be described as —

• a single strand containing 4 different bases that vary depending on the type of DNA

• ladder shaped, containing 5 nitrogenous bases that bond to one another

• triple stranded, with bonds between each strand holding the three strands together

• double stranded and twisted, with bases bonded to other bases which hold the strands together

Multiple Choice

The order of nitrogen bases in DNA determines:

• The genetic code

• The presence of polarity

• The presence of a hydrogen bond

• If there is a fifth nitrogen base

Multiple Choice

which shows the protein pathway in order

• DNA, Amino Acids, mRNA

• mRNA Amino Acids, DNA

• Amino Acids, DNA, mRNA

• DNA, mRNA, Amino Acids

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose of the process pictured above?

• Ensure that each cell has an exact copy of the genome

• Repair mutations to ensure the cell is not harmed

• Transcribe a gene for use in making proteins

• Bond amino acids to form polypeptide chains

Multiple Choice

6C: Part of an important cellular process involving a DNA strand is modeled above. What is the purpose of this cellular process?

• Preserving genetic information for future generations

• Deleting the information in the sequences produced from the DNA template

• Transcribing information in the DNA sequence for use by the cell

• Producing more nucleotides for the DNA sequence

Multiple Choice

The image above shows an amino acid attached to which type of molecule?

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

• Protein

Multiple Choice

Which of the following polypeptides is coded for by the following mRNA sequence?

5'-AUGGCAAGAAAA-3'

• Met, Asp, Arg, Lys

• Met, Ala, Arg, Lys

• Asp, Ser, Arg, Lys

• Val, Tyr, Stop, Lys

Multiple Choice

Genes code for (provide instructions to make) __________

• lipids

• carbphydrates

• proteins

• ATP

Multiple Choice

6D: Human bone, muscle, and nerve cells all contain the same number of chromosomes with the same complement of genes. What enables these cells to perform specialized activities?

• The ability of some cells to remove unnecessary DNA sequences

• The regulation of gene expression within each cell type

• The mutation of genes within each cell type

• The use of different methods of cell division

Multiple Choice

6D: The arctic fox inhabits northern areas of North America. The same arctic fox is shown in the drawing at different times of the year. What causes this change in fur color?

• The alleles for fur color change as the arctic fox grows older

• Gene expression for fur color is regulated by latitude

• The arctic fox has two traits for fur color that are determined at birth

• Gene expression for fur color is regulated by temperature

Multiple Choice

which process is shown?

• diffusion
• repiration
• recombination
• translation

Multiple Choice

• A

• B

• C

• D

Body Systems

What is a body system?

Multiple Choice

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

• F

• G

• H

• J