4. Endocrine student version

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a possible consequence of untreated hyperthyroidism?

• Congestive heart failure

• Improved vision

• Increased appetite

• Lower blood pressure

Multiple Choice

Why can thyroid tests be challenging to interpret?

• Because thyroid hormone levels are affected by nonthyroidal illnesses, certain medications, and daily fluctuations.

• Because thyroid tests are always inaccurate.

• Because thyroid hormone levels never change.

• Because thyroid tests are only affected by diet.

Multiple Choice

What may be seen in nonthyroidal illness regarding T4 test results?

• Elevated free T4 result with a normal Total T4.

• Low free T4 result with a high Total T4.

• Both free T4 and Total T4 are always elevated.

• Both free T4 and Total T4 are always low.

Multiple Choice

Which medication is used to inhibit the synthesis of thyroid hormones in cats?

• Methimazole

• Amoxicillin

• Prednisolone

• Insulin

Multiple Choice

What is considered the gold standard treatment for cats with thyroid issues?

• Radioactive iodine treatment

• Prescription diet

• Surgery (Thyroidectomy)

• Medical treatment with Carbimazole

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is used to diagnose a thyroid condition?

• Total T4 (thyroxine)

• Blood pressure measurement

• X-ray imaging

• ECG (Electrocardiogram)

Multiple Choice

What laboratory findings are expected in a hypothyroid patient?

• High TSH with low Free T4

• Low TSH with high Free T4

• High TSH with high Free T4

• Low TSH with low Free T4

Multiple Choice

What is Soloxine (levothyroxine) used for?

• It is a synthetic hormone to help regulate the body's energy and metabolism.

• It is an antibiotic used to treat infections.

• It is a painkiller for chronic pain.

• It is a vitamin supplement for bone health.

Multiple Choice

How often should Soloxine (levothyroxine) be given?

• Every 12-24 hours

• Once a week

• Every 6 months

• Every 4-8 weeks

Multiple Choice

What is Addison's disease (hypoadrenocorticism) caused by?

• Failure of the adrenal cortex resulting in deficiencies of steroid hormones

• Excess production of insulin by the pancreas

• Overactivity of the thyroid gland

• Deficiency of vitamin D in the body

Multiple Choice

Which hormone is responsible for regulating sodium, water, and potassium balance in the body and blood pressure?

• Aldosterone

• Cortisol

• Insulin

• Thyroxine

Multiple Choice

Bradycardia in Addisonian crisis is due to which of the following?

• High potassium levels

• Low calcium levels

• High sodium levels

• Low magnesium levels

Multiple Choice

What effect does high potassium (hyperkalemia) have on the heart's electrical conduction?

• It speeds up conduction through the heart.

• It slows conduction through the heart.

• It has no effect on conduction.

• It stops conduction completely.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following may be seen in biochemistry diagnostic results?

• Low glucose and albumin, high calcium, phosphate, and liver enzymes

• High glucose and albumin, low calcium, phosphate, and liver enzymes

• Low glucose and calcium, high albumin and phosphate

• High glucose and phosphate, low albumin and liver enzymes

Multiple Choice

What does aldosterone loss cause?

• Hyponatremia (low sodium) and hyperkalaemia (high potassium)

• Hypernatremia (high sodium) and hypokalaemia (low potassium)

• Hyponatremia (low sodium) and hypokalaemia (low potassium)

• Hypernatremia (high sodium) and hyperkalaemia (high potassium)

Multiple Choice

Which therapy is used to correct hypovolaemia and metabolic acidosis?

• Fluid therapy

• Oxygen therapy

• Antibiotic therapy

• Physical therapy

Multiple Choice

How is hyperkalemia usually corrected to protect the heart?

• By administering calcium gluconate

• By administering sodium chloride

• By administering insulin

• By administering potassium supplements

Multiple Choice

What does adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulate in dogs with PDH?

• Both adrenal glands to release cortisol

• The pancreas to release insulin

• The thyroid gland to release thyroxine

• The liver to release bile

Multiple Choice

In Adrenal dependent Hyperadrenocorticism (ADH), what is the effect of continued cortisol release by tumour cells?

• It negatively feeds back to the hypothalamus, shutting off ACTH release by the pituitary gland.

• It increases ACTH release by the pituitary gland.

• It causes the hypothalamus to release more cortisol.

• It has no effect on the hypothalamus or pituitary gland.

Multiple Choice

What is a negative feedback loop?

• A process where a change in the body triggers a response that reverses that change

• A process where a change in the body triggers a response that amplifies that change

• A process where the body ignores changes

• A process where the body maintains the change

Multiple Choice

Why should patients be kept calm when collecting endocrine samples?

• Because cortisol is a stress hormone

• Because adrenaline is a sleep hormone

• Because insulin is a stress hormone

• Because cortisol is a sleep hormone

Multiple Choice

What should be done to maximise sample quality after collection?

• Separate and refrigerate samples within 1 hour

• Leave samples at room temperature for 2 hours

• Mix samples with saline immediately

• Freeze samples after 24 hours