Pancreatitis

Multiple Choice

What do acinar cells produce?

• Digestive enzymes

• Hormones

• Blood cells

• Bile

Multiple Choice

How are enzymes released from the pancreas before being activated in the small intestine?

• As inactive zymogens

• As active enzymes

• As hormones

• As bile salts

Multiple Choice

What are inactive zymogens?

• Inactive forms of digestive enzymes

• Active forms of digestive enzymes

• Hormones released by the pancreas

• Cells in the duodenum

Multiple Choice

What is proelastase activated to?

• Elastase

• Pepsin

• Trypsin

• Amylase

Multiple Choice

Why are digestive enzymes kept inactive at first in the pancreas?

• To prevent autodigestion of pancreatic tissue

• To increase the rate of digestion

• To help absorb nutrients faster

• To produce more enzymes

Multiple Choice

Which enzyme converts trypsinogen into trypsin, activating other digestive enzymes?

• Enterokinase

• Amylase

• Lipase

• Pepsin

Multiple Choice

Which enzyme is responsible for carbohydrate digestion?

• Amylase

• Lipase

• Cholesterol esterase

• Phospholipase

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT involved in fat digestion?

• Lipase

• Amylase

• Cholesterol esterase

• Phospholipase

Multiple Choice

What does SIRS stand for?

• Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

• Severe Inflammatory Reaction Syndrome

• Systemic Infection Response Syndrome

• Systemic Internal Reaction Syndrome

Multiple Choice

What happens in the body during SIRS?

• Inflammation spreads throughout the entire body

• Inflammation stays in one place

• Only the skin becomes inflamed

• The body does not react to inflammation

Multiple Choice

How many criteria must be present for dogs and cats to be considered to have SIRS?

• 1 or more

• 2 or more

• 3 or more

• All criteria must be present

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is considered a genetic or breed predisposition risk factor for certain diseases in animals?

• Mini Schnauzers

• High-fat meal

• Trauma

• Ischaemia/reperfusion

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of a medication that can be a risk factor according to the causes and risk factors list?

• L-asparaginase

• Duct obstruction

• Cholangitis/IBD

• Endocrine disease

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a sign of dehydration during physical examination?

• Skin tenting, dry mucosa, sunken eyes

• Hypersalivation, lip licking, vomiting

• Abdominal pain

• Weak pulses, pale mucous membranes

Multiple Choice

What is a possible sign of chronic disease according to the physical examination notes?

• Pyrexia

• Icterus

• Tachycardia

• Abdominal pain

Multiple Choice

What is peritoneal effusion?

• Excess free fluid in the abdominal cavity.

• Excess air in the lungs.

• Excess blood in the heart.

• Excess fat in the liver.

Multiple Choice

Which medication is commonly used as an anti-emetic and provides mild visceral analgesia?

• Maropitant

• Ibuprofen

• Amoxicillin

• Paracetamol

Multiple Choice

What type of diet is recommended for dogs with pancreatitis?

• Highly digestible, low-fat diet

• High-fat, low-protein diet

• Low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet

• High-fiber, low-fat diet

Multiple Choice

If less than 80–85% of Resting Energy Requirement (RER) is eaten for more than 3 days, what should be considered?

• Consider feeding tube

• Increase exercise

• Reduce water intake

• Switch to a high-fat diet

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a potential risk factor for acute pancreatitis in dogs?

• Obesity

• Regular exercise

• Low-protein diet

• High water intake

Multiple Choice

What is a possible complication of acute pancreatitis that can make it life-threatening?

• Peritonitis

• Diabetes

• Arthritis

• Allergies

Multiple Choice

What is important to consider when feeding all patients according to nursing nutrition guidelines?

• The diet should be easy to digest, complete, and balanced.

• The diet should be high in carbohydrates only.

• The diet should be low in vitamins and minerals.

• The diet should be exclusively liquid.

Multiple Choice

What is the ideal diet composition for cats?

• Moderate fat (less than 25% dry matter) and high protein (30–40% dry matter)

• Low fat (less than 10% dry matter) and low protein (10–20% dry matter)

• High carbohydrates (50% dry matter) and low protein (10% dry matter)

• High fat (over 50% dry matter) and moderate protein (20% dry matter)

Multiple Choice

What is the recommended fat content in the ideal diet for dogs, especially if they are overweight or have high blood fat levels?

• Less than 15% dry matter, or under 10% if overweight

• More than 30% dry matter

• Exactly 25% dry matter

• Less than 5% dry matter for all dogs

Multiple Choice

Why should too much protein be avoided in a dog's diet?

• It can increase activity in the pancreas

• It can cause hair loss

• It can make dogs sleepy

• It can reduce bone strength

Multiple Choice

What is the main cause of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)?

• Insufficient production of pancreatic enzymes

• Excessive production of insulin

• Overactive thyroid gland

• High blood pressure

Multiple Choice

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is relatively common in which animal?

• Dogs

• Cats

• Horses

• Rabbits

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is included in blood tests for diagnostics?

• TLI, vitamin B12, and folate

• Glucose and insulin only

• Calcium and potassium only

• Iron and magnesium only

Multiple Choice

What is faecal analysis used for in diagnostics?

• To check for undigested food

• To measure blood sugar levels

• To detect vitamin deficiencies

• To analyze hormone levels

Multiple Choice

Which enzyme is responsible for fat digestion in dogs with EPI?

• Lipase

• Amylase

• Protease

• Cellulase

Multiple Choice

Why do we add enzymes to every meal for dogs with EPI?

• Because they cannot produce enough digestive enzymes

• Because they need more vitamins

• Because they have too much energy

• Because they are allergic to enzymes

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an ideal characteristic of a highly digestible diet?

• Highly digestible ingredients

• High sugar content

• Irregular feeding routine

• Large, infrequent meals

Multiple Choice

Why is a diet that is easy to digest beneficial?

• It improves nutrient absorption

• It increases calorie intake

• It reduces water consumption

• It promotes weight gain