Lesson 6.3 & 6.4

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes a key difference between gene expression in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• In prokaryotes, transcription and translation occur in separate compartments.

• In eukaryotes, transcription and translation occur simultaneously.

• In prokaryotes, transcription and translation occur at the same time.

• In eukaryotes, RNA does not undergo any processing.

Multiple Choice

Which type of RNA carries DNA’s message from the nucleus to the ribosome?

• Messenger RNA (mRNA)

• Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

• Transfer RNA (tRNA)

• Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about RNA polymerase and the template strand are correct?

• RNA polymerase separates DNA strands during transcription.

• The template strand is also known as the coding strand.

• RNA polymerase uses the template strand to synthesize RNA.

• The new RNA molecule is synthesized in the 5’ to 3’ direction.

Multiple Choice

In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin until 

• the two DNA strands have completely separated and exposed the promoter.
• several transcription factors have bound to the promoter.
• the 5' caps are removed from the mRNA.
• the DNA introns are removed from the template.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following post-transcriptional modifications helps protect mRNA from enzymes and functions as an 'attach here' signal for ribosomes?

• 5' Cap

• Poly(A) Tail

• Splicing

• Exon

Multiple Choice

Function of Poly A tail...

• Add phosphates to the RNA

• Provide ATP for transcription

• Protect from hydrolytic enzymes 

• Site of ribosome binding 

Multiple Select

Which of the following are direct results of alternative RNA splicing?

• One gene can encode for more than one protein

• All exons are always included in mature mRNA

• Two or more different polypeptides can be produced

• Introns are always retained in mature mRNA

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about translation is correct?

• Translation occurs on ribosomes in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

• Translation only occurs in the nucleus.

• Translation does not require ribosomes.

• Translation occurs only in prokaryotes.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between transcription and translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

• In prokaryotes, transcription and translation happen at the same time, while in eukaryotes, transcription and RNA processing occur before translation.

• In eukaryotes, transcription and translation happen at the same time, while in prokaryotes, transcription and RNA processing occur before translation.

• Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes perform transcription and translation simultaneously.

• Neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes process RNA before translation.

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about tRNA molecules is/are correct?

• Each tRNA carries a specific amino acid.

• All tRNA molecules are identical.

• Each tRNA has an anticodon that base-pairs with a codon on mRNA.

• tRNAs transfer amino acids to the growing polypeptide in a ribosome.

Open Ended

Describe the significance of the universal genetic code in living organisms and how it supports the concept of common ancestry.

Multiple Choice

What happens during the termination step of translation when a stop codon is reached?

• The ribosome releases the newly synthesized polypeptide and the ribosomal units come apart.

• The ribosome continues adding amino acids to the chain.

• The ribosome binds to another mRNA molecule.

• The ribosome initiates another round of translation.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements correctly describes a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression?

• In prokaryotes, transcription and translation occur in separate locations.

• In eukaryotes, transcription and translation occur at the same time.

• Eukaryotic RNA undergoes processing before translation, while prokaryotic RNA does not.

• Prokaryotic RNA is modified before translation, while eukaryotic RNA is not.

Multiple Choice

What is the flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to protein? (Central Dogma)

• RNA to DNA to protein
• DNA to RNA to protein
• protein to DNA to RNA
• RNA to protein to DNA

Multiple Choice

How would the DNA sequence GCTATA be transcribed to mRNA?

• GCUAUA
• CGATAT
• CGAUAU
• GCUTUT