Metabolic disorders

Multiple Choice

What is the primary cause of laminitis in horses with Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS)?

• Excess glucose and insulin in the body

• Bacterial infection

• Vitamin deficiency

• Physical injury

Multiple Select

Which of the following are effects of laminitis on the hoof?

• Inflammation of the laminae

• Rotation of the pedal bone

• Expansion of IgF-1 receptors

• Increased hoof growth

Open Ended

Explain how high levels of insulin can lead to inflammation and rotation of the pedal bone in laminitis.

Open Ended

Based on the images, describe two visible signs that a horse may be suffering from laminitis.