12/11 Lesson: Unit 6

​Early Statehood

By Mariah West

​Read each slide and answer the questions that follow (Voice Level 0)

​Population Growth & the Economy

In 1821, before the first Anglo empresarios settled in Texas, there were approximately 4,000 Tejanos and 20,000 Indians in Texas.

When Texas joined the United States in 1845, the non-Indian population of Texas had grown to 125,000. By 1860, that number had grown to 600,000, as more and more people moved to Texas.

Many of the people who moved to Texas at that time came from other agricultural states in the South. They often hoped to take part in Texas’ profitable cotton economy.

Southern planters who moved to Texas often brought their slaves with them. This significantly increased the enslaved population in Texas during Early Statehood. By 1860, there were more than 180,00 enslaved people working primarily on cotton plantations in Texas.

The growing population of Southern planters and enslaved people in Texas from 1845 to 1860 caused Texas to become more closely connected with the other cotton-producing slave states in the American South.

Multiple Choice

What significant development occurred in Texas from 1821 to 1860?

• Opposition to slavery grew in Texas

• Texas population increased significantly

• A lot of northerners moved to Texas to grow cotton

• The Indian population of Texas increased dramatically

​Population Growth & the Economy

In 1821, before the first Anglo empresarios settled in Texas, there were approximately 4,000 Tejanos and 20,000 Indians in Texas.

When Texas joined the United States in 1845, the non-Indian population of Texas had grown to 125,000. By 1860, that number had grown to 600,000, as more and more people moved to Texas.

Many of the people who moved to Texas at that time came from other agricultural states in the South. They often hoped to take part in Texas’ profitable cotton economy.

Southern planters who moved to Texas often brought their slaves with them. This significantly increased the enslaved population in Texas during Early Statehood. By 1860, there were more than 180,00 enslaved people working primarily on cotton plantations in Texas.

The growing population of Southern planters and enslaved people in Texas from 1845 to 1860 caused Texas to become more closely connected with the other cotton-producing slave states in the American South.

Multiple Choice

Where did many of the people who migrated to Texas come from? Why did they move to Texas?

• From the North to take part in manufacturing

• From Mexico to gain cheap land

• From Europe to escape religious persecution

• From the South to take part in plantation agriculture

​Immigration and Population Growth

As people flooded into Texas during the Early Statehood Era, some of the new arrivals were immigrants from other countries. Most immigrants to Texas arrived through the port at Galveston and lived in communities with other immigrants from their home country. Most of the immigrants arriving in Texas during this era came from countries in central Europe. The largest group to immigrate to Texas were Germans. German immigrants in Texas established towns like New Braunfels, Fredericksburg, and Gruene (green). A German immigrant named John Meusebach settled in New Braunfels in May 1845. Meusebach worked with the Comanches to establish a peace treaty called the Meusebach-Comanche Treaty in 1847. This treaty successfully allowed both Germans and Comanches to live peacefully in the same region. Immigrants from Poland also established towns in Texas like Panna Maria. Panna Maria was founded southeast of San Antonio in 1854. It is the oldest Polish settlement in the United States. Smaller groups of immigrants came from the Kingdom of Bohemia (now the Czech Republic), Slovakia, and Austria. Some also arrived from France, and Great Britain. Many immigrants who moved to Texas worked to be part of Texas culture and society. At the same time, they often also preserved their own cultural traditions from their home countries. Immigrants to Texas often maintained their own religions, holidays, celebrations, food, language, and architecture

Multiple Select

Many immigrants to Texas came from?

• Germany

• Poland

• Great Britain

• Austria

​Immigration and Population Growth

As people flooded into Texas during the Early Statehood Era, some of the new arrivals were immigrants from other countries. Most immigrants to Texas arrived through the port at Galveston and lived in communities with other immigrants from their home country. Most of the immigrants arriving in Texas during this era came from countries in central Europe. The largest group to immigrate to Texas were Germans. German immigrants in Texas established towns like New Braunfels, Fredericksburg, and Gruene (green). A German immigrant named John Meusebach settled in New Braunfels in May 1845. Meusebach worked with the Comanches to establish a peace treaty called the Meusebach-Comanche Treaty in 1847. This treaty successfully allowed both Germans and Comanches to live peacefully in the same region. Immigrants from Poland also established towns in Texas like Panna Maria. Panna Maria was founded southeast of San Antonio in 1854. It is the oldest Polish settlement in the United States. Smaller groups of immigrants came from the Kingdom of Bohemia (now the Czech Republic), Slovakia, and Austria. Some also arrived from France, and Great Britain. Many immigrants who moved to Texas worked to be part of Texas culture and society. At the same time, they often also preserved their own cultural traditions from their home countries. Immigrants to Texas often maintained their own religions, holidays, celebrations, food, language, and architecture

Multiple Choice

What role did many German immigrants play in the development of Texas in the 1800's?

• They establish German towns and communities in Texas

• They joined pro-slavery societies

• Most played an active role in the Texas government

• They took part in conflicts with Indians

​Immigration and Population Growth

As people flooded into Texas during the Early Statehood Era, some of the new arrivals were immigrants from other countries. Most immigrants to Texas arrived through the port at Galveston and lived in communities with other immigrants from their home country. Most of the immigrants arriving in Texas during this era came from countries in central Europe. The largest group to immigrate to Texas were Germans. German immigrants in Texas established towns like New Braunfels, Fredericksburg, and Gruene (green). A German immigrant named John Meusebach settled in New Braunfels in May 1845. Meusebach worked with the Comanches to establish a peace treaty called the Meusebach-Comanche Treaty in 1847. This treaty successfully allowed both Germans and Comanches to live peacefully in the same region. Immigrants from Poland also established towns in Texas like Panna Maria. Panna Maria was founded southeast of San Antonio in 1854. It is the oldest Polish settlement in the United States. Smaller groups of immigrants came from the Kingdom of Bohemia (now the Czech Republic), Slovakia, and Austria. Some also arrived from France, and Great Britain. Many immigrants who moved to Texas worked to be part of Texas culture and society. At the same time, they often also preserved their own cultural traditions from their home countries. Immigrants to Texas often maintained their own religions, holidays, celebrations, food, language, and architecture

Open Ended

Who was John Meusebach and how was he significant to this era?

Texas Indians & the Western Frontier

As more people moved into Texas, some began to migrate west into the Great Plains region of the state. At the time, this region was controlled by powerful Indian tribes like the Comanche. Conflicts between Americans and Comanches increased on the Texas frontier as more and more Americans moved into Comanche territory.

Then in 1848, the United States government sent 1,500 army troops under the command of General William J. Worth to Texas. Their goal was to secure and defend the state’s western frontier as Anglo-Americans continued moving west.

General Worth’s troops established a series of military forts along the frontier. With the protection of the U.S. army, more American settlers began to migrate west in search of new opportunities.
Throughout the era, conflicts between the Americans and the Comanches continued. The U.S. government negotiated treaties with several Indian tribes during this era. The government was unable to enforce many of the terms of the treaties, however, because Texas public lands belonged to the state, not the federal government.
In March 1847, the U.S. government appointed Texas Ranger Robert S. Neighbors as special Indian agent for the state of Texas. In this role, Neighbors worked to build peaceful relationships with Indian tribes like the Comanche, Apache, and Tonkawa.

In 1849, Neighbors attempted to establish reservations along the Brazos River. The goal of the reservations was to house the Caddo, Comanche, and Wichita tribes and assimilate them into Anglo American society. The reservations were unsuccessful, however, because of opposition from Anglos in the area, diseases like cholera, and disinterest from many Indians, especially the Comanches. Many Texas Indian tribes were forced out of the state during the 1850s and relocated to Indian Territory, or modern-day Oklahoma. Some tribes stayed in Texas, like the Comanche, who continued to carry out raids on Anglos along the frontier, hoping to maintain control of the lands that they had called home for generations.

Multiple Choice

What was one significant effect of the increase in Texas population as people moved to the new state?

• Comanches raided eastern settlements

• More Americans began to migrate west

• West Texas Indians formed alliances against Anglo settlers

• West Texas Indians joined the U.S. Army for protection

Texas Indians & the Western Frontier

As more people moved into Texas, some began to migrate west into the Great Plains region of the state. At the time, this region was controlled by powerful Indian tribes like the Comanche. Conflicts between Americans and Comanches increased on the Texas frontier as more and more Americans moved into Comanche territory.

Then in 1848, the United States government sent 1,500 army troops under the command of General William J. Worth to Texas. Their goal was to secure and defend the state’s western frontier as Anglo-Americans continued moving west.

General Worth’s troops established a series of military forts along the frontier. With the protection of the U.S. army, more American settlers began to migrate west in search of new opportunities.
Throughout the era, conflicts between the Americans and the Comanches continued. The U.S. government negotiated treaties with several Indian tribes during this era. The government was unable to enforce many of the terms of the treaties, however, because Texas public lands belonged to the state, not the federal government.
In March 1847, the U.S. government appointed Texas Ranger Robert S. Neighbors as special Indian agent for the state of Texas. In this role, Neighbors worked to build peaceful relationships with Indian tribes like the Comanche, Apache, and Tonkawa.

In 1849, Neighbors attempted to establish reservations along the Brazos River. The goal of the reservations was to house the Caddo, Comanche, and Wichita tribes and assimilate them into Anglo American society. The reservations were unsuccessful, however, because of opposition from Anglos in the area, diseases like cholera, and disinterest from many Indians, especially the Comanches. Many Texas Indian tribes were forced out of the state during the 1850s and relocated to Indian Territory, or modern-day Oklahoma. Some tribes stayed in Texas, like the Comanche, who continued to carry out raids on Anglos along the frontier, hoping to maintain control of the lands that they had called home for generations.

Multiple Choice

Why did the U.S. government send military troops to Texas in 1848?

• To establish missions and presidios for Texas Indians.

• To protect Americans along the west Texas frontier

• To take part of U.S-Mexico war

• To establish peace with Comanches

Texas Indians & the Western Frontier

As more people moved into Texas, some began to migrate west into the Great Plains region of the state. At the time, this region was controlled by powerful Indian tribes like the Comanche. Conflicts between Americans and Comanches increased on the Texas frontier as more and more Americans moved into Comanche territory.

Then in 1848, the United States government sent 1,500 army troops under the command of General William J. Worth to Texas. Their goal was to secure and defend the state’s western frontier as Anglo-Americans continued moving west.

General Worth’s troops established a series of military forts along the frontier. With the protection of the U.S. army, more American settlers began to migrate west in search of new opportunities.
Throughout the era, conflicts between the Americans and the Comanches continued. The U.S. government negotiated treaties with several Indian tribes during this era. The government was unable to enforce many of the terms of the treaties, however, because Texas public lands belonged to the state, not the federal government.
In March 1847, the U.S. government appointed Texas Ranger Robert S. Neighbors as special Indian agent for the state of Texas. In this role, Neighbors worked to build peaceful relationships with Indian tribes like the Comanche, Apache, and Tonkawa.

In 1849, Neighbors attempted to establish reservations along the Brazos River. The goal of the reservations was to house the Caddo, Comanche, and Wichita tribes and assimilate them into Anglo American society. The reservations were unsuccessful, however, because of opposition from Anglos in the area, diseases like cholera, and disinterest from many Indians, especially the Comanches. Many Texas Indian tribes were forced out of the state during the 1850s and relocated to Indian Territory, or modern-day Oklahoma. Some tribes stayed in Texas, like the Comanche, who continued to carry out raids on Anglos along the frontier, hoping to maintain control of the lands that they had called home for generations.

Open Ended

How did the events of Early Statehood affect Texas' Indian population?

​The Compromise of 1850

The Compromise of 1850 was a law written by U.S. Senator Henry Clay that attempted to satisfy both the pro-slavery South and the anti-slavery North regarding slavery in the new territories of the Mexican Cession.
The law allowed California to enter the Union as a free state to satisfy the North. It also passed the Fugitive Slave Act, which included stricter requirements for Northerners to capture and return runaway slaves to satisfy the South.
The Compromise of 1850 also adjusted the western border of Texas. According to the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe - Hidalgo, Texas claimed to include land as far west as the present-day states of New Mexico and Colorado, and as far north as present-day Wyoming. Because Texas was a slave state, this increased the amount of slave territory in the west and angered many anti-slavery Northerners.
As part of the Compromise of 1850, Texas agreed to cede the disputed western territory to the U.S. government in exchange for $10 million. Slavery in the ceded territories would be decided by popular sovereignty. This change established the borders of Texas that still exist today

Multiple Choice

The purpose of the Compromise of 1850 was to....

• ...satisfy both pro-slavery and anti-slavery states.

• ...abolish slavery in the Mexican Cession

• ..allow all citizens to decide slavery

• ....expand slavery west into the Mexican cession

Open Ended

How did the Compromise of 1850 affect Texas' borders and why was this change made?

Raise your hand and quietly tell Ms. West you have completed assignment before moving on to anything else!