19th Century Eastern Europe Notes

Multiple Choice

In what ways did the Austrian Empire's attempts to limit industrialization impact its stability and territorial control in the 19th century?

• The efforts to promote industrialization boosted economic growth and stability.
• Limiting industrialization resulted in increased military strength and territorial expansion.
• The Austrian Empire's industrial policies led to a unified national identity and social harmony.
• The attempts to limit industrialization led to economic stagnation, increased discontent, and weakened territorial control.

Multiple Choice

Why did the Habsburg emperors of Austria resist Enlightenment ideals and the creation of a constitution during the 19th century?

• They wanted to preserve traditional values and maintain their absolute power.

• They supported industrialization and modernization.

• They were influenced by neighboring countries' democratic movements.

• They believed Enlightenment ideals would strengthen their empire.

Multiple Choice

Which two empires are discussed in the first two slides, and what is a key difference in how they responded to internal and external pressures?

• Ottoman and Russian; Ottoman Empire disintegrated due to ethnic revolts, Russian Empire resisted modernization

• Ottoman and British; Ottoman Empire expanded while British Empire shrank

• Russian and French; Russian Empire modernized quickly, French Empire resisted change

• Ottoman and German; Ottoman Empire was part Asian, German Empire was part European

Multiple Choice

Describe one major reform implemented by Katerina the Great and explain its impact on Russian society.

• The Charter of the Nobility, which strengthened the privileges of the nobility and consolidated Catherine's power.
• The Emancipation Reform, which freed the serfs and disrupted the social order.
• The Military Reforms, which focused on expanding the army's size and capabilities.
• The Educational Reform, which aimed to increase literacy among the peasantry and reduce noble influence.

Multiple Select

Which of the following actions did Katerina the Great take to expand the Russian Empire?

• Defeated the Ottomans and seized warm-water ports on the Black Sea

• Made agreements with Prussia and Austria to divide Poland

• Conquered France

• Allied with the British Empire

Fill in the Blanks

Pavel I was assassinated by disgruntled army officers who favored his son

as czar.

Multiple Choice

Which Russian ruler planned to free the serfs but abandoned reforms after Napoleon's invasion in 1812?

• Katerina the Great

• Pavel I

• Aleksandr I

• Peter III

Multiple Choice

Compare the approaches to reform taken by Pavel I and Aleksandr I. What challenges did each face in implementing their reforms?

• Pavel I embraced liberal reforms but faced backlash from the clergy, while Aleksandr I resisted change and encountered popular dissent.
• Pavel I took a reactionary approach facing resistance from the nobility, while Aleksandr I pursued progressive reforms but faced conservative opposition.
• Pavel I implemented radical changes with support from the military, while Aleksandr I maintained the status quo and faced no opposition.
• Pavel I focused on economic reforms facing challenges from the peasantry, while Aleksandr I prioritized military expansion and met with diplomatic resistance.

Multiple Choice

How did Aleksandr I's policies and personal beliefs change after the Napoleonic wars?

• He became more liberal and open to reforms

• He became very conservative and deeply religious

• He focused on expanding his empire

• He adopted Western European customs

Multiple Choice

Explain the succession crisis that occurred after Aleksandr I's death and how it was resolved.

• The succession crisis after Aleksandr I's death was resolved when Nikolai I ascended the throne following the Decembrist Revolt.
• The throne was claimed by a distant relative, leading to civil unrest.
• Nikolai I was overthrown by a coalition of nobles and military leaders.
• The crisis ended with a peaceful transition to a parliamentary system.

Multiple Select

Which of the following were actions taken by Nikolai I as part of his autocratic leadership? (Choose 3)

• Used spies to root out political enemies

• Banned many books and limited access to education

• Encouraged liberal reforms

• Exiled thousands of liberals to Siberia

Fill in the Blanks

Nikolai I wanted to free the

, but could not figure out how to do so without sacrificing power to the nobility.

Multiple Select

Describe two ways in which the Crimean War was considered the first 'modern' war.

• Use of advanced technology like rifled artillery and the telegraph.

• Employment of chemical weapons and aerial bombing.
• Introduction of war correspondents and photography.

• Use of cavalry charges and traditional tactics.

Multiple Choice

What was one negative consequence for serfs after Aleksandr II freed them in 1861?

• They gained political power

• They became wealthy landowners

• They were too poor to buy good land

• They received large, productive farms

Multiple Choice

Which reform was NOT introduced by Aleksandr II?

• Decentralization of government

• Introduction of trial by jury

• Mandatory Russian Orthodox Christianity

• Promotion of industrialization

Fill in the Blanks

Aleksandr III responded to his father's assassination by re-establishing

police.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following actions did Nikolai II take to modernize Russia?

• Built the Trans-Siberian Railroad

• Re-enacted censorship

• Reduced mandatory military service

• Made Russian Orthodox Christianity mandatory

Multiple Choice

What were the consequences of Russia's defeat in the 1904 Russo-Japanese War for Nikolai II's rule?

• The defeat strengthened Nicholas II's power and led to greater military support.
• The defeat weakened Nicholas II's authority and led to the 1905 Revolution, prompting political reforms.
• The defeat resulted in immediate peace treaties and economic prosperity for Russia.
• The defeat had no impact on Nicholas II's rule or the political landscape.

Fill in the Blanks

In 1905, factory workers marched to the Winter Palace to petition the czar for a

, but were fired upon by palace guards.

Open Ended

Reflecting on today's lesson about the Austrian Empire, what is one aspect of its history or decline that you found most interesting or would like to learn more about?

(Responses like IDK or nothing, etc, will be counted incorrect. You must have an intellectual response)

Multiple Choice

How did the Habsburg emperors' resistance to Enlightenment ideals impact the Austrian Empire in the 19th century?

• It led to rapid industrialization and modernization.

• It caused the empire to lose territory immediately.

• It resulted in the limitation of industrialization and suppression of revolts.

• It strengthened the empire's control over Eastern Europe.

Multiple Choice

What were two major reforms promised by Nikolai II to address conflicts during his rule?

• Freedom of speech and creation of an elected legislature

• Abolition of monarchy and land redistribution

• Universal suffrage and free education

• Military expansion and increased taxation