Enviro Sci Finals S1 Finals Review

Multiple Choice

What are the materials provided by provisioning services that humans directly use?

• Food

• Freshwater

• Timber

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

When a spruce tree is harvested so the wood can be used to build a house, the tree is providing

• a cultural service.

• a provision.

• an intrinsic value.

• a monetary unit.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a regulating service?

• Fishery resources

• Air quality maintenance

• Cultural heritage

• Educational opportunities

Multiple Choice

What are the key functions of regulating services in maintaining environmental stability?

• Air purification

• Climate regulation

• Pollination

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

Trees providing habitat would be considered what type of ecosystem service?

• Provisioning

• Regulating

• Supporting

• Cultural

Multiple Choice

What are the non-material benefits of cultural services?

• Recreation

• Aesthetics

• Spiritual value

• All of the above

Match

Match the following

• services that are necessary for the production of all other ecosystem services
• describe the material of energy outputs

• services ecosystems provide by acting as regulators

• the non-material benefits people obtain from ecosystems

Supporting

Provisioning

Regulating

Cultural

• Supporting

• Provisioning

• Regulating

• Cultural

Reorder

Arrange the following from largest to smallest.

• Individual

• Population

• Community

• Ecosystem

• Biosphere

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Match

Match the following

• cow

• cow and egret

• cow, egret, and pond

• herd of cattle

organism

community

ecosystem

population

• organism

• community

• ecosystem

• population

Multiple Choice

A place where an organism gets everything it needs to survive.

• habitat
• community
• ecosystem
• population

Multiple Choice

Which of the following definitions best describes an ecological niche?

• A comfortable or suitable position for a living organism in its habitat.

• The location in an ecosystem where a population has the least competition

• A position or role taken by a particular kind of organism within its community

• An ecosystem or biome that provides a stable environment for a community to thrive

Multiple Select

Which example demonstrates a realized niche? (Select Two)

• A tree species that can grow in a wide range of soil types but is limited to acidic soils due to competing species.

• A predator that hunts across all regions of its habitat, regardless of prey availability.

• A plant that grows only in shaded areas because it cannot tolerate direct sunlight.

• A bird species that thrives only in specific environments due to predation pressure in others.

Multiple Choice

The ecological niches of three bird species are shown in the diagram. What is the advantage of each bird species having a different niche?

• As more birds feed higher in the tree, available energy increases.
• More abiotic resources are available for each bird.
• Predators are less likely to feed on birds in a variety of locations.
• There is less competition for food.

Multiple Choice

What do food webs illustrate about energy movement in ecosystems?

• How energy is lost

• How energy moves from producers to consumers

• How energy is stored

• How energy is created

Multiple Choice

What are "producers" producing?

• the energy for the food chain

• the insects for the food chain

Multiple Choice

Which animal is the apex predator?

• hawk
• lizard
• snake
• grass

Multiple Choice

The efficiency of energy transfer from a lower trophic level to the next highest level is roughly

• 1%
• 10%
• 100%
• 1000%

Multiple Choice

What is the role of decomposers in a food chain?

• Use sunlight to make food
• Eat other organisms to gain energy
• Make the food for the whole food chain
• Break down dead organisms and add nutrients to the soil

Multiple Choice

Ostriches and Gazelles feed next to each other. They both watch for predators and alert each other to danger. Since the visual abilities of the two species are different, they can each identify threats the other animal would not as readily see. What type of interaction is this?

• Parasitism

• Mutualism

• Commensalism

• Competition

Multiple Choice

What is the difference between Batesian and Müllerian mimicry?

• Batesian involves harmless mimics, Müllerian involves harmful species

• Batesian involves harmful species, Müllerian involves harmless mimics

• Both are types of harmful mimicry

• Both are types of harmless mimicry

Multiple Choice

What can different amounts of lichen indicate about air quality?

• The amount of sulfur dioxide in the air

• The temperature of the air

• The humidity levels

• The presence of other species

Multiple Choice

The first organisms to colonize an area and begin the process of ecological succession

• native species

• climax community species

• invasive species

• pioneer species

Multiple Choice

What is the first species you will see after a primary succession? (in picture)

• lichens
• grasses
• small plants

Multiple Choice

During a forest fire most vegetation (plants) burn. Which ecological succession will take place after a forest fire?

• Primary

• Secondary

Multiple Choice

How does the presence of permafrost affect plant growth in the tundra?

• Enhances growth by retaining heat

• Limits growth due to shallow soil layers

• Promotes growth by storing nutrients

• Has no effect on plant growth

Multiple Choice

What type of forests are found in the Taiga region?

• Deciduous forests

• Tropical forests

• Evergreen forests

• Savanna

Multiple Choice

What are the characteristics of the chaparral climate?

• Hot, dry summers

• Cold winters

• High humidity

• Frequent rainfall

Multiple Choice

How do biodiversity and stability work together?

• The lower the biodiversity the greater the stability of an ecosystem.

• The higher the biodiversity, the less stable the ecosystem

• The higher the biodiversity, the greater the stability of the ecosystem.

• Biodiversity has nothing to do with ecosystem stability.

Multiple Choice

Explain the difference between exponential growth and logistic growth in the context of population growth models.

• Exponential growth is limited, while logistic growth is unlimited.
• Exponential growth is unlimited, while logistic growth is limited by carrying capacity.
• Exponential growth is affected by carrying capacity, while logistic growth is not.
• Exponential growth occurs in a closed system, while logistic growth occurs in an open system.

Multiple Choice

Explain why understanding carrying capacity is important in ecology.

• Carrying capacity is important for managing and conserving natural resources, predicting population dynamics, and making informed decisions for sustainable development.
• Carrying capacity is only relevant for small-scale ecosystems
• Understanding carrying capacity is only important for urban planning
• Carrying capacity has no impact on ecology

Multiple Choice

Due to stress, large numbers of female lemmings miscarry their young and fail to reproduce.

• Density-Dependent

• Density-Independent

Multiple Choice

An extensive drought in the plains threatens wildebeest, giraffe, zebra, and springbok populations.

• Density-Dependent

• Density-Independent

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a density-independent limiting factor?

• natural disaster
• predation
• disease
• parasitism