A2 Sociology - Ethnicity & Crime

Multiple Choice

Why is it important to review the evidence about links between ethnicity and crime?

• To challenge stereotypes and misconceptions

• To support existing prejudices

• To ignore social issues

• To promote discrimination

Multiple Choice

What is the main issue being highlighted in the interaction between the police officers in the image?

• Racial stereotyping in policing

• Police training procedures

• Proper search techniques

• Community policing initiatives

Multiple Choice

Which of the following factors are mentioned as possible reasons for differences in stop & search and imprisonment rates?

• Police strategies

• Stereotyping

• Discrimination by judges

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

In the case of Stephen Lawrence, what were some of the failures by the police as described in the image?

• Failure to offer appropriate first aid

• Assuming the crime was gang related

• Delaying justice for suspects

• All of the above

Fill in the Blank

The Macpherson Report concluded that the investigation into Stephen Lawrence's killing was marred by professional incompetence, institutional ___, and a failure of leadership.

Multiple Choice

Based on the IOPC Report 2022, what types of offensive behavior were discovered among police officers?

• Racist and sexist messages

• Homophobic language

• Bullying and harassment

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

According to Left Realism, what are the main reasons for higher involvement of young black men in street crime compared to other groups?

• Marginalisation, Relative Deprivation, Sub cultural response

• Racist policing, Lack of education, Poor housing

• Peer pressure, Lack of opportunities, Family breakdown

• Media influence, Economic growth, Urbanization

Multiple Select

Which of the following are factors identified by Left Realism as contributing to ethnic differences in crime rates?

• Marginalisation

• Relative deprivation

• Delinquent subcultures

• Canteen culture

Multiple Choice

How does relative deprivation impact ethnic minority groups according to the Runnymede Trust 2025 statistics?

• It leads to higher levels of poverty among ethnic minority children.

• It increases wealth among ethnic minority households.

• It reduces unemployment rates for ethnic minorities.

• It eliminates economic exclusion for minorities.

Fill in the Blank

Fill in the blank: According to Lea & Young, statistics show real differences in offending between ethnic groups caused by ___ and relative deprivation.

Multiple Choice

According to labelling theory, why are ethnic minorities more likely to be labelled as criminal?

• Due to a racist police force and Criminal Justice system

• Because they commit more crimes than white people

• Because of higher levels of poverty

• Due to lack of education

Multiple Choice

According to Bowling and Phillips (2002), what is one consequence of police officers holding negative stereotypes against ethnic minority criminals?

• Increased community trust

• Targeted stop and search on ethnic minorities

• Higher police salaries

• More police training

Fill in the Blank

According to Sharp and Budd (2005), black offenders are more likely to have been arrested, gone to court, and convicted despite their ___ levels of offending.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best reflects Gilroy's (1982) argument about the myth of black criminality?

• Black criminality is accurately represented in statistics.

• Most crimes by Black individuals are politically driven and resist White Rule.

• Statistics are unbiased and reflect reality.

• Lea & Young's views are correct.

Multiple Choice

Which aspects does Neo-Marxism stress to illustrate the criminalisation of ethnic minorities, according to the slides?

• Economic theory and functionalism

• Marxist and interactionist theory

• Feminist and postmodernist theory

• Structuralism and realism

Multiple Choice

According to Hall, what was the effect of the moral panic regarding Black criminality in the 1970s?

• It led to economic reform.

• It created a distraction from the wider economic crisis.

• It reduced crime rates.

• It improved media representation of minorities.

Multiple Choice

How did the government, media, and police responses to economic recession contribute to the criminalisation of young Black men and working-class groups?

• By focusing on economic reforms and reducing unemployment

• By increasing public attention on Black criminality and deploying more police in certain areas

• By providing more educational opportunities for ethnic minorities

• By reducing media coverage of street robberies

Multiple Select

Which of the following are factors that may be referenced as evidence for differences in criminality among ethnic groups?

• Institutional racism and stereotyping within the CJS

• Policing and stop and search practices

• Media amplification and moral panic

• All of the above