Canyons and Caves Day 1

​Canyons and Caves

By Amanda Johnson

Learning Objectives

I will compare canyons and caverns using complete sentences.

​I will

I can identify canyons and caverns and explain that water helps form them over time.

​I can

Cave

​​Canyon

Turn and Talk
What are Similarities and Differences?

Multiple Choice

What causes most caves to form?

• Accumulation of glacial ice.
• Formation from volcanic activity.
• Water and weak acidic rain

• Erosion by wind and sand.

Multiple Choice

What are most caves and caverns made from?

• Sandstone
• Granite
• Limestone
• Basalt

Multiple Choice

What is the difference between stalagmites and stalactites?

• Both are found on the ground and do not grow from ceilings.

• Stalagmites grow upward from the ground, while stalactites hang down from the ceiling.
• Stalagmites are formed by water splashing on the ceiling, while stalactites are formed by ground water.

• Stalagmites hang down from the ceiling, while stalactites grow upward from the ground.

Multiple Choice

What could cause the roof of a cave to collapse?

• Water dissolving too much rock, earthquakes, or excessive weight.

• Groundwater depletion, tree roots, or volcanic eruptions.
• Mineral deposits, strong winds, or human interference.
• Lack of ventilation, temperature fluctuations, or animal activity.

Multiple Choice

What formed the Grand Canyon?

• The Pacific Ocean and volcanic activity.
• Erosion by wind and rain over decades.
• The Colorado River and geological processes over millions of years.
• Glacial movements and tectonic shifts.

Multiple Choice

Forming a canyon with water erosion is called what?

• Knife Cutting

• Rock Cutting

• Uppercut

• Downcutting

Multiple Choice

What is downcutting?

• The process of a river eroding its bed to lower its elevation.

• When a river changes its course to avoid obstacles.

• The increase in a river's width over time.

• The process of a river depositing sediment on its banks.