tree P&D info

Pest and disease for trees.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a major defoliator of Oak in Europe and poses a risk to human health?

• Oak Processionary Moth

• Emerald Ash Borer

• Hen of the Woods

• Horse Chestnut Bleeding Canker

Open Ended

Why is it important to understand the different pests and diseases that affect trees in urban and natural environments?

Multiple Choice

Which organism is responsible for causing white rot in hardwood trees and is edible while young?

• Dryad Saddle

• Tar Spot

• Citrus Longhorn Beetle

• Squirrels

Open Ended

Compare the effects and control methods for Ash Dieback and Human Vandalism on trees.

Multiple Select

Which of the following are associated with dysfunction of sapwood and secondary infection?

• Oyster Mushroom

• Artists bracket/butt rot

• Gypsy Moth

• Cherry Ermine Moth

Multiple Choice

Which of the following fungi is favoured by wood turners and causes slow decay in oak and sweet chestnut?

• Beefsteak Fungus

• Razor Strop Birch Polypore

• Velvet Shank

• Canker Stain of Plane

Open Ended

What are the main features that distinguish Velvet Shank from other fungi affecting trees?

Multiple Select

Which of the following are common control methods for managing tree diseases and pests?

• Pruning in summer

• Raking up and burning leaves

• Using fungicides containing copper

• Applying airborne spores

Open Ended

What are the main differences between Fireblight and Sudden Oak Death in terms of host, transmission, and control?

Multiple Choice

Which insect is considered a serious threat due to its ability to feed on leaves, twigs, and other plant matter, and has been accidentally introduced into the USA and Europe?

• Harlequin ladybird

• Asian Longhorn beetle

• Viburnum beetle

• Lily beetle

Multiple Choice

Which fungus is known to cause vascular shut-down of weak trees, leading to death and windthrow?

• Honey fungus

• Smokey bracket

• Perenniporia fraxinea

• Coral Spot

Multiple Select

Which of the following are characteristics of Oak spangle / Currant gall?

• Flat discs with central elevation

• Mature in September and detach

• Infestations have serious effects on trees

• Larvae overwinter in fallen spangle

Open Ended

What are the main symptoms and control measures for Cypress aphid infestation on conifer hedges?

Multiple Choice

Which scale insect produces a circular, flat armored shell and attacks junipers, cypress, and red cedar?

• Juniper scale

• Brown scale

• Fletcher scale

• Wooly aphid

Multiple Select

Select all the correct statements about Target canker and Bulgaria canker.

• Target canker is easily recognized by its circular, target-shaped cankers.

• Bulgaria inquinans is considered a delicacy in northeastern China but may be poisonous.

• Target canker mainly affects black walnut trees.

• Bulgaria canker is commonly found on dead hardwoods including ash.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following fungi is considered not edible and is commonly found at the base of trunks of deciduous trees, especially elm?

• Rigidoporus ulmarius

• Collybia fusipes

• Coniophora puteana

• Trametes versicolor

Open Ended

Explain how Annossum root rot spreads among trees and what management strategies can be used to control it.

Multiple Choice

What are the main symptoms of Red Band Needle Blight in pine trees?

• Yellowing and browning of needles, defoliation, and reduced timber yields

• Formation of cankers on the trunk

• White powdery spots on leaves

• Rapid leaf drop

Multiple Choice

Which tree disease is caused by the fungus Ceratocystis fagacearum and can quickly kill an oak tree?

• Oak wilt

• Red band needle blight

• Turkey tail fungus

• Annossum root rot

Open Ended

Compare and contrast the symptoms and management strategies of Dutch elm disease and sooty bark disease.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best explains why Dutch elm disease is difficult to control?

• There are no chemical treatments available and the beetle vectors are impractical to control.

• It only affects a small number of trees.

• It is caused by bacteria, not fungi.

• It can be treated by planting more elms.

Open Ended

Reflecting on the different pests and diseases affecting trees discussed today, which one do you think poses the greatest risk to urban environments and why?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following pests or diseases is most likely to cause a major defoliation of oak trees in Europe?

• Oak Processionary Moth

• Cauliflower Fungus

• Horse Chestnut Scale

• Emerald Ash Borer