LC - Punic wars, gravitas, religion

Multiple Choice

We know important virtues for Rome were loyalty, discipline, and determination. With that in mind, what do you think the term Gravitas means?

• kind, generous, brave

• intelligent, likeable, willing

• fierce, respected, strong

• solemn, serious, dignified

The Punic Wars - Recap

​First Punic War: 264 BCE - 241 BCE
- Breaks out over control of Sicily
- Carthage has control of that and many trade/shipping routes that Rome wants
- Rome defeats them on sea taking Sicily

​Third Punic War: 149 BCE - 146 BCE
- Carthage has rebuilt with wealth
- Cato the Elder says they are trying to attack again
- Rome cuts off food supply, breaks down walls, enslaves them, destroys the city, and takes control of the area

​Second Punic War: 218 BCE - 201 BCE
- Carthage expands to the Iberian Peninsula and attacks a Roman ally
- Rome is losing, Carthage decides to bring elephants over the Alps to sneak up on them
- Rome catches wind and decides to go to Carthage where they defeat them and take territories

What's so special about Hannibal's route in the Second Punic War?

• For years, some people thought the story of Hannibal and his war elephants was exaggerated because it was such a dangerous journey.

• In 1994, archaeologist Patrick Hunt took it upon himself to try and prove this actually happened.

  • He studied this for over 20 years

• Using satellite imagery, expeditions, and comparisons to historical accounts he was able to prove Hannibal did in fact make this journey with his soldiers and elephants

Multiple Select

Other than his comparison of the geography and viewpoints to historical accounts, what physical evidence did he find to prove an army moved through there?

Choose all that you think apply

• Ash left over from campfires

• Fossilized animal footprints

• Animal rib bones

• Pieces of cloth and fossilized remains of food

After the Punic Wars

• While the Punic Wars were going on, the Macedonians were also trying to attack Rome.

• After taking Carthage as a province, and calling it the Province of Africa, they used their flexibility to conquer Macedonia and most of Greece.

​Ancient Roman Empire, 300 CE

Ancient Roman Religion

• Took a lot of influence culturally from Greece, including religion

  • Polytheistic - most of their deities were Greek versions, they just changed their names

• Like many ancient cultures, religion was the most important part of their lives

  • They wanted to remain on the good side of the deities, and never do anything to anger them

  • They felt they controlled all parts of their lives

  • In home altars, celebrations, festivals, prayers, rituals, elaborate temples all to keep them content

Categorize

Options (8)

The ancient Romans took religious influence from the ancient Greeks

The ancient Roman Army was the best in the world

Hannibal's journey over the Alps was too difficult and never happened

The Romans valued traits that helped lead people to success

The execution of the enslaved people was done to warn against rebellion

Gravitas was the most important trait to ancient Romans

The Roman military was designed to be organized and flexible

Rome took part in all these conquests with the goal to become an empire some day

Sort these items into FACT or OPINION

FACTS

OPINIONS