Birth Defects

The development of a zygote, embryo, and fetus before birth

• prenatal development
• hereditary
• chromosomes
• genes

Traits that always show in a person even if only one gene of the pair is inherited for the trait

• chromosomes
• genes
• dominant traits
• recessive traits

An abnormality, present at birth, that affects the structure or function of the body and may threaten a baby’s health

• cystic fibrosis
• recessive traits
• prenatal development
• birth defect

A hereditary disease that results in secretion of thick mucus that blocks internal passages, including those of the lungs, causing respiratory infections. The pancreas is also affected, resulting in a deficiency of digestive enzymes and impaired nutrition

• cystic fibrosis
• muscular dystrophy
• sickle cell anemia
• PKU (phenylkentonuria)

A progressive weakness and shrinking of the muscles most commonly inherited

• sickle cell anemia
• muscular dystrophy
• PKU (phenylkentonuria)
• Tay-Sachs disease

A genetic disorder characterized by a broad skull, blunt facial features, short stature, and learning difficulties; caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21

• cystic fibrosis
• Tay-Sachs disease
• sickle cell anemia
• Down syndrome

Caused by inheriting defective recessive genes from both parents, more commonly occurs in African-Americans

• sickle cell anemia
• PKU (phenylkentonuria)
• Tay-Sachs disease
• Down syndrome

A genetic disease that principally affects those of Jewish ancestry, marked by an accumulation of certain fats in the brain and nerves resulting in brain damage, loss of sight and brain functions

• Tay_Sachs
• PKU
• Sickle Cell  
• hyperovulation

Giving birth to more than one child at a time

• hyperovulation
• multiple births 
• rubella 
• fetal alcohol syndrome 

Things and people in a person’s surroundings (ex. mother’s health, family, friends, home, community, life experiences)

• hereditary
• environmental 
• Tay-Sachs
• PKU