Types of Forces

Occurs when a material strains under stress, but then returns to its original shape when the stress is removed

• Elastic Deformation
• Elastic Limit
• Stress
• Strain

The point where the material will not go back to its original shape once a stress is removed

• Elastic Deformation
• Elastic Limit
• Strain
• Stress

The amount a material stretches due to an applied stress.

• Elastic Deformation
• Elastic Limit
• Strain
• Stress

The force or load experienced by a material per unit area.  For example: pounds per square inch or PSI

• Elastic Deformation
• Elastic Limit
• Strain
• Stress

A deformation that is permanent.

• Plastic Deformation
• Thermal Expansion or Contraction
• Live Load
• Dead Load

An increase or decrease in temperature can result in this.

• Plastic Deformation
• Thermal Expansion or Contraction
• Live Load
• Dead Load

Any other force applied to the structure due to traffic, people, wind, snow, etc

• Plastic Deformation
• Thermal Expansion or Contraction
• Live Load
• Dead Load

Any load associated with the structure itself.  For example, steel beams, concrete and other building materials.

• Plastic Deformation
• Thermal Expansion or Contraction
• Live Load
• Dead Load

A force that results in the deformation of an object such that the object's parallel planes move past another

• Shear
• Compresion
• Tension
• Bending

A force that occurs when the ends of an object are being pushed towards each other.

• Shear
• Compression
• Tension
• Bending