A scientist spilled a few drops of dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) on a lab table.For safety purposes, the scientist sprinkled some baking soda (NaHCO3) onto the spill. Which observation would provide the best evidence that a chemical reaction occurred?

The baking soda and hydrochloric acid combined, and bubbles formed.

The baking soda absorbed the hydrochloric acid.

Some of the baking soda dissolved in the hydrochloric acid.

The hydrochloric acid evaporated, leaving only the baking soda.

When trying to identify an unknown element, a scientist determines what other elements the unknown element reacts with chemically. Which property of the unknown element determines the other elements it reacts with?

The number of valence electrons in the unknown element

The total number of neutrons in the unknown element

The total number of particles in the nucleus of the unknown element

The number of protons in the nucleus of the unknown element

Which of the following best describes an electron?

It has a negative charge and much less mass than a proton.

It has no charge and about the same mass as a proton.

It has a positive charge and much more mass than a neutron.

It has a negative charge and about the same mass as a neutron.

During an investigation, a student combined two clear, colorless solutions. The student observed that the temperature changed from 25°C to 23°C when the solutions were combined and that a white substance rapidly formed and settled to the bottom of the container.What most likely happened to produce these results?

The solutions reacted chemically.

One of the original compounds came out of solution.

Some of the water froze into ice crystals.

Rapid evaporation of water occurred,leaving a solid.

A student observes some sugar as it is heated and burns. The student concludes that a chemical reaction has occurred. Which of the following observations about the burning sugar provides evidence of a chemical reaction?

Gas is produced as the sugar turns black.

Heat is added to the sugar crystals.

The sugar melts and becomes a liquid.

The temperature of the sugar increases.

Many processes occur in the digestive system. Which process is best classified as a physical change?

Teeth grinding an almond into smaller pieces in the mouth

Saliva converting the starch molecules in crackers into simple sugars

Digestive enzymes breaking down proteins into smaller fragments

Bacteria converting lactose into simple sugars in the intestines

Some students in a chemistry lab conducted an investigation in which they added four different solid substances to separate beakers of water. They stirred the mixtures for one minute and then recorded their observations. Which substance most likely caused a new substance to be formed when mixed with water?

the substance sank to the bottom

the substance floated to the top

A student is studying calcium, a highly reactive element that humans need for strong bones.Which characteristic of calcium is most closely related to its chemical reactivity?

The 2 valence electrons in each atom of calcium

The 20 protons in each atom of calcium

The density of calcium, which is 1.54g/cm 3

The atomic mass of calcium, which is 40.078 amu

Which of the following atoms would have a charge of +1?

An atom with 6 protons, 5 electrons and 7 neutrons

An atom with 9 protons, 9 electrons and 9 neutrons

An atom with 7 protons, 11 electrons, and 8 neutrons

An atom with 5 protons, 5 eleectrons and 4 neutrons.

Which of the following examples shows that a chemical reaction has occurred?

bubbles form when baking soda is added to vinegar and mixed

a rock breaks into smaller pieces when struck with a hammer

a cup of water turns pink when a few drops of red food coloring are added

a solid is formed when heat is removed from a sample of water

Which of the following trends can be observed when moving down a column in the periodic table?

number of valence electrons increase

number of energy levels decrease

number of bonds formed decreases

A student places a piece of a potato into a container of hydrogen peroxide. One observation the student makes is that bubbles form around the potato. The presence of bubbles might indicate the formation of a new substance because bubble...

could show that a gas is forming

always rise to the top of a liquid

are almost always perfectly spherical

usually burst after a few minutes

When moving across a period on the periodic table, which of the following trends appear?

the atomic mass of the elements increase.

metallic properties of the elements increase

the number of valence electrons decreases

The overall charge of an atom is determined by the....

number of protons and electrons

Looking at your periodic table, where are nonmetals found?

to the right of the bold zig zag line

to the left of the bold zig zag line

sitting on the bold zig zag line

In which of the following examples has a chemical reaction occurred?

after putting liquid batter into a hot pan, the batter solidifies and begins to turn brown

after turning on a blender filled with fruits, the fruit is chopped up and mixed together

after taking a tray filled with ice cubes out of the freezer, the cubes begin to melt

after adding a spoonfull o fsugar to a mug of hot coffee, the sugar dissolves completely

Molybdenum has an atomic number of 42. This means that Molybdenum....

contains 42 protons in its nucleus

freezes at 42 degree Fahrenheit

belongs to group 42 on the periodic table

can form 42 bonds with other atoms

Juaquin illustrated his Bohr model with extremely small electrons compared to his protons and neutrons. Which statement best expresses Juaquin’s reasoning?

A. The electrons’ mass is so much less than neutrons and protons they need to be drawn smaller.

A. The electrons are so far from the neutrons and protons they need to be drawn smaller.

A. The electrons move so fast compared to the neutrons and protons they need to be drawn smaller.

A. The electron’s energy is so much less than neutrons and protons they need to be drawn smaller

Which best explains why sodium (Na) is more reactive than magnesium (Mg)?

A. Sodium has only one valence electron, while magnesium has two.

A. Sodium atoms typically have one more neutron than magnesium atoms.

A. Sodium has a smaller atomic mass, while magnesium has a larger atomic mass.

A. Sodium atoms tend to attract the electrons of other atoms more than magnesium atoms.

Which statement best describes an atom?

A. Atoms have a tightly packed nucleus and electrons in continuous motion.

The volume of an atom is dependent on the nucleus.

A. Atoms only have two outer rings that contain valence electrons.

A. The outer rings of an atom contain motionless electrons and neutrons.

As the students were studying aquifers, the teacher demonstrated the effect of hydrochloric acid on limestone rock. The students observed that bubbles were produced and an awkward scent was released when the acid and limestone came into contact. Based on the students’ observations which conclusion is most accurate in regards to the acid and limestone demonstration?

A. Acid and limestone chemically react and with time this chemical reaction changes the limestone rock into a new substance.

Acid and limestone physically react and with time the acid will simply run off the rock.

Acid and limestone physically react but due to the strength of acid it will soon break down the rock.

A. Acid and limestone chemically react but due to the thickness of the limestone rock it will always be a limestone rock.

Atomic Structure, Periodic Table and Chemical Reactions

Authored by Shannon Sabatelli

Chemistry

8th Grade

NGSS covered

Used 122+ times

Atomic Structure, Periodic Table and Chemical Reactions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

5 mins • 1 pt

Which subatomic particle is found orbiting around the nucleus?

protons

electrons

neutrons

nucleus

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

5 mins • 1 pt

Which subatomic particle has a positive charge?

Proton

Electron

Neutron

Nucleus

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

5 mins • 1 pt

Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?

Protons

Electrons

Neutrons

Nucleus

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

5 mins • 1 pt

The center of the atom is called the....

Proton

Electon

Neutron

Nucleus

The _____________________ has a neutral charge.

Proton

Electron

Neutron

Nucleus

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

5 mins • 1 pt

Which of the following distinguishes an element from all other elements?

Its group in the periodic table

Its color in solid form

Its number of protons

Its phase at room temperature

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

5 mins • 1 pt

A researcher wants to experiment with an element that reacts like phosphorus (P) but has a greater atomic mass. Which element should the researcher select for the experiment?

Nitrogen (N)

Sulfur (S)

Arsenic (A)

Silicon (Si)

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