Lithosphere

Which process is included in the formation of both metamorphic and sedimentary rock?

• heating 
• recrystallization
• compaction 
• weathering

Ice wedging is best described as

• a tectonic process
• a depositional process
• chemical weathering
• mechanical weathering

Which of these structures form when materials are deposited, buried, and cemented?

• intrusive structures
• volcanic mountains
• igneous rock
• sedimentary rock

Which layer of Earth is the source of lava that erupts from volcanoes?

• inner core
• outer core
• asthenosphere
• lithosphere

Human actions can change the rate at which soil erodes. Which of the following would most likely slow the rate of soil erosion?

• A. applying nitrogen-rich fertilizers
• B. keeping grasses trimmed short
• C. building houses on stilts
• D. planting trees along cliffs

Marta was studying a diagram of the rock cycle. She wanted to know what could cause a sedimentary rock to become a metamorphic rock. Which processes must occur in order for a sedimentary rock to change into a metamorphic rock?

• compaction and cementing
• heating and pressure
• melting and cooling
• uplifting and erosion

Florida has a large supply of phosphate that ancient seas deposited millions of years ago. The phosphate contains the remains of animals that were deposited in layers on the sea floor. Which type of rock did the phosphate most likely become?

• intrusive igneous
• extrusive igneous
• clastic sedimentary
• organic sedimentary

Which characteristic property indicates that igneous rock cools slowly?

• mineral composition 
• hardness
• crystal size
• density

Two tectonic plates pushing toward each other cause intense heat and pressure in Earth’s crust. Into which will crust material be changed by heat and pressure?

• fossils 
• metamorphic rock
• sediments
• igneous rock

Scientists study various types of rocks to learn about the history of the surface of Earth. A sedimentary rock most likely indicates which about the location where the rock was found?

• volcanic activity occurred
• mountain building occurred
• the location was under high pressure
• the location was under a body of water