Final Exam Practice #1

 United States Treaties & Agreements
• Louisiana Purchase (1803)
• Adams­Onis Treaty (1819)
• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)
• Gadsden Purchase (1853–54)
What was a consequence of each of these treaties and agreements?

• The United States joined a free­-trade zone. 
• The United States gained additional territory. 
• The United States ended a war with a neighbor. 
• The United States became part of a military alliance. 

Article III of the United States Constitution created the judicial branch of the federal government. The Judiciary Act of 1789 created a system of courts and established the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.  In 1803, the Marbury v. Madison decision asserted the Supreme Court’s authority to determine whether or not acts of Congress or the president were unconstitutional. 
Which statement best explains the lasting impact of these turning points in United States history? 

• They made the judicial branch the most powerful branch  of government. 
• They guaranteed the specific individual rights that all citizens should enjoy. 
• They specified the powers that could be exercised by the federal government. 
• They ensured the role of the judicial branch in the system of checks and balances. 

In its 1819 McCulloch v. Maryland decision, the Supreme Court ruled that Congress had powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause of Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution to create a national bank and that states lacked the power to tax the bank. 
How did this Supreme Court decision affect life in the United States? 

• It eliminated competition by giving the national bank a monopoly. 
• It gave the federal government a larger role in the national economy. 
• It kept state governments from being able to raise any money through taxes. 
• It caused a move away from a market economy to a government­run economy. 

Events in U.S. History
• Construction of canals and railroads
• Invention of the telegraph and telephone
• Construction of turnpikes and paved roads
The events on this list had the greatest impact on which aspect of the economy? 

• the number of coastal fisheries 
• the location of cottage industries
• the amount of land under cultivation 
• the location of manufacturing plants 

The use of a canal system in the early 19th century reflects which development in American society? 

• the decreased reliance on public transportation
• the need to build infrastructure to expand trade 
• the decreased demand for railroad lines 
• the desire for stable foreign relations 

The United States acquired the Oregon Territory in 1846, and after a war with Mexico, the United States acquired the Mexican Cession in 1848. Which concept relates to the expansion of the U.S. from coast to coast? 

• The Monroe Doctrine 
• Federalism 
• Manifest Destiny 
• Free Soil 

• Permitted slavery north of the 36°30’ parallel
• Allowed each territory to decide the issue of slavery on  the basis of popular sovereignty
• Effectively repealed the Missouri Compromise
This list summarizes the results of which of the following? 

• The Louisiana Purchase
• Kansas-Nebraska Act
• 13th Amendment
• 3/5 Compromise

Pre-­Civil War Tariffs
• Placed taxes on imported goods  
• Contributed to greater purchases of American made goods
• Provided revenue for the federal government 
Which of the following groups would have supported the use of tariffs during the early 1800s?

• northern manufacturers
• southern plantation owners
• small farmers in the West 
• local shopkeepers in the South 

Their object in the Tariff is to keep down foreign competition, in order to obtain  a monopoly of the domestic market. The effect on us is to compel us to purchase  at a higher price both what we purchase from them and from others, without   receiving a corresponding increase of price for what we sell. —John C. Calhoun, South Carolina Exposition and Protest, 1828 Why did southern states like South Carolina oppose the use of tariffs during the early 1800s?

• The tariffs protected northern manufactures at the expense southern plantation owners. 
• . The tariffs made it more difficult to purchase slaves in the markets. 
• The tariffs caused the price of cotton to increase and the price of manufactured goods to decrease 
• The tariffs regulated trade between the individual states. 

The US Constitution was written in 1787.  What was the reason for writing the Constitution?

• to argue for the abolition of slavery
• to describe the organization of the government.
• to explain the reasons for separating from Britain.
• to list specific rights guaranteed to citizens