Evidence of Evolution Formative

When scientists compare the amino acid sequences for the red blood cell protein hemoglobin between various species, what can they determine about the evolutionary relationship between the species?

• It can be determined how efficient hemoglobin is for different species
• It can provide evidence about the relatedness of the different species: if they are more similar they have a more recent common ancestor.
• It cannot determine relatedness between different species, only individuals of the same species
• It can show which species evolved first

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When comparing amino acid sequences for hemoglobin in humans, horses and gorillas, which two were most closely related?

• horses and gorillas
• horses and humans
• humans and horses
• humans and gorillas

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The Table below shows the # of differences in amino acids in a protein called “Cytochrome C” when comparing humans to other organisms. The protein is used by many plants and animals to convert energy in cells.
List the 4 closest human relatives based on this biochemical comparison.

• chimpanzee, horse, rattlesnake, snapping turtle
• chimpanzee, gorilla, rhesus monkey, horse
• fruit fly, bread mold, tuna fish, snapping turtle
• gorilla, rhesus monkey, rattlesnake, gorilla

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List the 4 most distant relatives based on this biochemical comparison.

• bread mold, snapping turtle, gorilla, fruit fly
• bread mold, tuna fish, rhesus monkey, rattlesnake
• bread mold, gorilla, horse, chimpanzee
• bread mold, fruit fly, tuna fish, snapping turtle

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Which of the following would NOT be considered a fossil?

• Imprints of claws in dried mud
• teeth found on the jaw of an extinct dinosaur bone
• a Wooly Mammoth preserved in ice
• an x-ray of a fractured arm

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How do fossils provide evidence that evolution has happened on Earth?

• Fossils show how the sizes of certain animals has changed drastically over millions of years
• Fossils show that some species have gone extinct
• Fossils show how life forms present today are different than those from the past
• Different sedimentary rock layers provide evidence for how the environment has changed over time

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The forelimbs of vertebrates, like the ones pictured here, are similar in terms of number of bones and the orientation of bones. Which best describes how comparing homologous structures provides evidence of evolution?

• The genes for the body plan and forelimb layout were present in a common ancestral species vertebrates share, thus passed onto all vertebrates.
• Similar anatomical structures show how animals adapt to changing environments
• Homologous structures show that different species evolve at different rates
• Homologous structures don’t actually provide evidence for evolution

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A fossil of an extinct dinosaur is found and the anatomy of the fossil shows similarities to that of a bird. What could this mean?

• This is purely by chance and isn't significant
• The extinct dinosaur and modern bird share a common ancestor
• All dinosaurs evolved into birds and that's why there aren't any dinosaurs alive today
• Dinosaurs choose to fly, and evolved into birds to escape predation and capture food

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The diagram above shows an embryo of different vertebrates at different stages of development. Which field of study would support the similarities in development as evidence for evolution?

• comparative biochemistry
• paleontology
• comparative biogeography
• comparative anatomy

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When scientists compare animals currently living on different continents, they often find those with similar characteristics, who are not actually close relatives, living in similar environmental conditions even though they are geographically very distant. One example is the Anteater/Armadillos of the Americas and the Pangolin of Africa. What can we deduce from this evidence?

• Living things can adapt similarly to similar environments over time.
• Living things do not change over time
• They must all have the same recent common ancestor
• I don’t know

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