Unit 6 TEST Review (LEARNING)

 Pavlov became interested in conditioning when he observed laboratory dogs:

• Salivating when they heard the footsteps of lab assistants

• Failing to salivate when food was placed in their mouths

• Wagging their tails when they saw Pavlov

• Salivating only when they were fed

In Pavlov’s original experiment on classical conditioning, the unconditioned response (UCR) was:

•  The sound of a bell

• Salivation elicited by a bell

• The presentation of meat powder

• Salivation elicited by food

Keegan used to enjoy lime sherbet, and when he was in Mexico he tried frozen lime margaritas. After his fourth margarita Keegan became SICK!

Now he finds that even the sight of lime sherbet can make him feel queasy. In this example, the Conditioned Response (CR) is:

• The lime margaritas that Keegan drank

• The illness that followed the fourth margarita

• The sight of lime sherbet

• The queasiness that Keegan now feels when he sees lime sherbet

The continued presentation of the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus will result in the gradual DISSAPEARANCE of the conditioned response. This phenomenon is known as:

• Repression

• Inhibition

• Suppression

• Extinction

When Lindsay was nine years old, the neighbor’s Chihuahua bit her ankle. Today, Lindsay is still terrified of Chihuahuas, but she likes all other types of dogs. Lindsay’s fear illustrates the process of:

• Instinctive drift

• Stimulus discrimination

• Stimulus generalization

• Negative avoidance

It is believed that observation learning is possible because of these specialized cells in the brain:

• Afferent neurons

• Efferent neurons

• Mirror neurons

• Bobo cells

I want to teach my dog to roll over. First I teach her to sit, then lay down, and eventually roll over.  This step-by-step learning is called:

• Shaping

• Stimulus generalization

• Extinction

• Stimulus discrimination

Martin Seligman proved that he could train "learned helplessness" into dogs by strapping them into a shocking condition. What was Seligman's Independent Variable (IV) in the experiment?

• The percentage of dogs that tried to escape

• Whether or not the dogs had been strapped into the shocking side of the cage

• If the dogs growled after they had been shocked

• The breed of dog used in the experiment

Negative reinforcement _______ the likelihood of a behavior continuing; punishment ______ the likelihood of a behavior continuing.

• Increases; decreases

• Decreases; increases

• Decreases; decreases

• Increases; does not affect

Gambling on slot machine is a very addictive behavior because:

• It is continuously reinforced

• It is shaped

• It is on a variable reinforcement schedule

• It is on a fixed reinforcement schedule