Social Studies Final Exam Practice Test 6

Colonists in North America protested against the taxes imposed on them by the British following the French and Indian War. What was the main reason the colonists were upset about these taxes?

• Colonists believed that because they lived so far from Britain, they did not have to pay taxes on anything
• Colonists were not represented in the British Parliament and for that reason believed the taxes were unjust
• Colonists drank less tea than people living in Britain, so the tax was an unfair burden on them
• Colonists had already paid a great deal to fund the British effort in the French and Indian War.

The members of the Third Estate took revolutionary action because they

• Were suspicious of the liberal ideas coming out of the French legislature
• Believed that a king should rule by divine right, not the will of the people
• Disagreed with the ideas behind the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
• Had fewer rights, owned less land and paid more taxes than the wealthier members of the French population

The discoveries of Isaac Newton had a major influence on Enlightenment thinkers. In what way was this influence so significant?

• Enlightenment thinkers attempted to base their philosophies on religious tradition
• Enlightenment thinkers studied Newton’s writings about the freedom of human beings and the proper role of kings and governments
• Enlightenment thinkers employed Newton’s scientific method when exploring questions about human nature and the responsibilities of the citizen
• Enlightenment thinkers looked to the works of Copernicus and Galileo, as Newton had, when seeking answers about the nature of art and religion

During the early Revolutionary period, American colonists used many methods to show their opposition to British taxation. Which method did they use to show their opposition to taxes imposed by the British government?

• American colonists boycotted British goods, such as sugar and tea
• American colonists carried out a plan to overthrow King George III
• American colonists demanded seats in Parliament, which led to the creation of the National Assembly
• Americans distributed copies of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen among the 13 colonies

This was the period under Maximillien Robespierre when revolutionary courts were set up to prosecute enemies of the French Revolution.

• The Reign of Terror
• The Directory
• The Enlightenment
• The National Assembly

What is a coup d’etat?

• A revolution
• A salon
• An overthrow of the government
• The Paris Commune

What was one idea that the leaders of the American Revolution shared with Enlightenment thinkers?

• Colonies exist to provide raw materials and markets for mother countries
• The people have the right to overthrow their government if it abuses its powers
• Governments may restrict freedom of speech and of the press during times of crisis
• Factories and businesses should be owned by the government rather than by individuals

Many Latin American nations gained their independence early in the 19th century. The relationship between the people and their government changed. Slavery existed under colonial governments, but some of the new nations, such as Haiti, did not permit slavery. The abolition of slavery was based on Enlightenment ideas of

• Liberty as a natural rights of man
• Separation of government powers
• Personal rights as less important than civil order
• The authority of absolute monarchs

Enlightenment philosophes such as John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau challenged the idea of the divine right of kings. They wrote about a government’s obligations to uphold people’s rights and how the government should be based on the consent of the governed.
These new ideas encouraged people to

• Remain firm in their support of absolute monarchs
• Look for leaders who would exercise dictatorial powers
• Engage in revolutions to establish democratic governments
• Call for church leaders to create theocracies and replace the monarchies.

A logical procedure for gathering and testing scientific data.

• geocentric theory
  
• heliocentric theory
  
• scientific method
  
• Scientific Revolution