Final Exam Study Guide

A scientist studied a species of fish. She found that when a certain nutrient was added to the diet of the fish just after hatching, the fish gained an average of 3 kilograms in the first year. What additional information is needed to determine whether the nutrient is affecting the growth of the fish?

• How much adult fish gained on average when the same nutrient was added to their diet
• How much newly hatched fish in this species gain in the first year without the nutrient in their diet
• How much of the nutrient is available for the fish species in their natural surroundings
• How much other species of fish gain in the first year when the nutrient is added to their diet

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Which question is the experiment most likely designed to answer?

• What are the effects of water on plant growth?
• What amount of fertilizer is best to use for plants?
• How does the height of a plant affect how much sunlight it needs?
• How does the amount of sunlight a plant receives affect its growth?  

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To model an animal breathing in an enclosed environment, Jackie lit a candle and placed a glass over the candle with the open end down. She measured how long it took for the candle flame to go out. She repeated her experiment with three other glasses, each time using the same candle. Jackie’s results are shown   in the data table. Based on the data, which statement is most likely true?

• Glass 3 is the largest glass
• Glass 4 is the hottest glass.
• Glass 1 is the coldest glass.
• Glass 2 is the smallest glass.

A scientist studying a species of flower that grows on the side of a mountain measured the height of many of the flowers at different elevations. His results are shown in the graph. Which statement best describes the pattern of growth for the flowers during this experiment?

• The flowers’ heights are unaffected by elevation.
• The flowers cannot grow below elevations of 1,000 meters.
• . The flowers grow taller at elevations of around 3,000 meters.
• The flowers’ heights increase with higher elevation.    

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1

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A scientist studied two species of sea snail and recorded the physical characteristics in the data table. Which conclusion about the data is based on correct reasoning?  

• If a snail she studied had a brown shell, then it was a red foot snail.
• If a snail she studied had a brown shell, then it had a white underside.
• If a snail she studied was 125 millimeters long, then it was red foot snail.
• If a snail she studied was 175 millimeters long, then it had a white underside.

A scientist discovers that a certain substance will be useful in treating nerve damage. What is the best way she can communicate her results to the scientific community?

• She can call other scientists who also work in nerve research.
• She can write a letter to hospitals that treat patients with nerve damage.
• She can put her conclusions on a Web site that focuses on the nervous system.
• She can publish her results in a scientific journal that covers issues relating to nerves.

Leslie’s science teacher told her she must take a flexible approach to solving problems. What did Leslie’s teacher most likely mean?

• Leslie should not follow the experimental instructions exactly.
• Leslie should only write down lab results that seem to be correct.
• Leslie should accept all scientific theories even if they have been proven wrong.
• Leslie should be willing to consider many possible causes for her observations.

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A scientist plans to investigate the nervous system of sea slugs. What should the scientist do first?

• Develop a theory about sea slugs that can be tested.
• Go to the ocean to observe the behavior of sea slugs.
• Obtain several sea slugs and conduct experiments with them.
• Review the research other scientists have done on sea slugs.

Researchers recently discovered a gene in humans that previously was unknown to science. Which statement best explains why the gene probably was not discovered much sooner?

• The gene only recently evolved in humans.
• The technology used to study genes is still being developed.
• Scientists were not interested in genes until a few years ago.
• Scientists were sure they had already discovered every possible gene.  

What is the main purpose of the mitochondria shown by the arrow?

• cell reproduction
• cellular digestion
• energy production
• protein manufacture

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