Final Exam Review Part 2

A hypothesis that two organisms from different species share a common ancestor is best supported by

• .  the presence of homologous structures
• the presence of analogous structures
• a similarity in diet and method of reproduction
• a similarity in habitat

Which of the following combinations of sex chromosomes represents a female?

• XY
• XXY
• XXXY
• XX

Why do scientists use binomial nomenclature to name species?

• Binomials are specific and universally understood by scientists
• A single binomial can be used for many species, making it easier to name different animals
• Binomials tell scientists how a species looks, relatives to others in the same genus.
• A binomial is easier to remember than a long name with multiple Latin words

A deletion of a DNA base from a gene affects an organism by 

• causing future gametes to have additional chromosome
•  changing the sequence of amino acids in a protein
•  causing chromosome fragments to form long chains
• a.  changing the structure of ribose sugar in nucleic acids

DNA replication takes place during the

• S phase of the cell cycle
• G₁ phase of the cell cycle
• G₂ phase of the cell cycle
• M phase of the cell cycle

How many different allele combinations would be found in the gametes produced by a pea plant whose genotype was RrYy? 

• 2
• 4
• 8
• 16

What happens during the process of translation?

• Messenger RNA is made from DNA
• The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins
• Transfer RNA is made from messenger RNA
• Copies of DNA molecules are made 

The chain above represents three codons. Which of the following changes would be expected in the amino acid chain if the mutation shown above occurred?

• The amino acid sequence would be shorter than expected
• The identity of one amino acid would change
• The amino acid sequence would remain unchanged
• The identities of more than one amino acid would change

In the P generation, a tall plant was crossed with a short plant.  Short plants reappeared in the F₂ generation because 

• some of the F₂ plants produced gametes that carried the allele for shortness
• a.  the allele for shortness is dominant
• the allele for shortness and the allele for tallness segregated when the F₁ plants produced gametes
• a.  they inherited an allele for shortness from one parent and an allele for tallness from the other parent

Dogs (Canis familiaris) are most closely related genetically to which of the following organisms?

• African hunting dog (Lycaon pictus)     
• Gray wolf (Canis lupus)
• Grizzly bear (Ursus arctos)
• Domestic cat (Felis catus