Digestive System

A procedure used to evaluate biliary and pancreatic pathological conditions with an endoscope is: 

• Ultrasound
• MRI
• ERCP
• PTC

What body type has the stomach and gallbladder low, vertical, and near the midline?

• Hypersthenic
• Sthenic
• Hyposthenic
• Asthenic

For RAO position of the esophagus: 

• The patient is rotated obliquely by elevation of the right side 35 to 40 degrees, and the esophagus is centered to the IR at the level of T5 or T6
• The patient is rotated obliquely by elevation of the left side35 to 40 degrees, and the esophagus is centered at the level of T5 or T6
• The patient is rotated obliquely by elevation of the right side 55 to 60 degrees, and the esophagus is centered to the IR at the level of T5 or T6
• The patient is rotated obliquely by elevation of the left side 55 to 60 degrees, and the esophagus is centered to the IR at the level of T5 or T6

For the projection given:  

• The patient is lying on one side, the cassette is centered to the iliac crest, and the CR is horizontal to the midline at the level of the iliac crest
• The patient is prone, the cassette is centered to the iliac crest, and the CR is horizontal to the midline at the level of the iliac crest
• The patient is lying on one side, the cassette is centered 3 inches above the iliac crest, and the CR is horizontal 3 inches above the iliac crest
• The patient is prone, the cassette is centered to L1, and the CR is horizontal to L1

For the LPO or RPO positions for the colon: 

• The patient is prone, rotated 35 to 45 degrees, with the CR at the level of the iliac crest
• The patient is supine, rotated 55 to 60 degrees, with the CR at the level of the ASIS
• The patient is supine, rotated 35 to 45 degrees from AP, with the CR at the level of the iliac crest
• The patient is prone, rotated 55 to 60 degrees, with the CR at the level of the iliac crest

Ingestion of barium sulfate is contraindicated in which of the following situations?
1. Suspected perforation of a hollow viscus
2. Suspected large bowel obstruction
3. Preoperative patients

• 1 only
• 1 and 3 only
• 2 and 3 only 
• 1, 2, and 3

All the following positions are likely to be employed for both single- and double-contrast examinations of the large bowel except

• lateral rectum (intestine) 
• AP axial rectosigmoid
• right and left lateral decubitus abdomen.
• RAO and LAO abdomen

Esophageal varices are best demonstrated in which of the following positions?

• Erect
• Recumbent
• Fowler
• Sims

The image shown was made in what position?

• AP or PA erect 
• Dorsal Decubitus
• Left lateral decubitus 
• Right lateral decubitus 

To make a patient as comfortable as possible during a single-contrast barium enema (BE), the radiographer should
1. instruct the patient to relax the abdominal muscles to prevent intra-abdominal pressure
2. instruct the patient to concentrate on breathing deeply to reduce colonic spasm
3. prepare a warm barium suspension (98–105°F) to aid in retention

• 2 only
• 1 and 2 only
• 2 and 3 only
• 1, 2, and 3