WHMT 5.2

What was humanism based on?

• Study of the classics of ancient Greece & Rome
• Belief in man's supremacy over all creation
• Study of human beings & their behaviors
• Belief in human ability to conquer nature

What did the humanists study?

• Grammar, rhetoric (speech), poetry, moral philosophy, & history
• Biology, chemistry, & human anatomy
• Mathematics, algebra, & calculus
•  Nothing, they shunned studies & desired to remain ignorant fools

Who was called the father of Italian Renaissance humanism?

• Petrarch
• Christine de Pizan
• Abraham
• Cicero

What two things did Petrarch do regarding Latin?

• Looked for forgotten Latin manuscripts & emphasized use of pure classical Latin
• Learned to read & write it and wrote new Latin poems
• Connected Italians to its Latin root words and invented new Latin words
• Translated the Bible into Latin & added a new gospel to it

What are vernacular languages?

• The language spoke in a region, like Italian, French, or German
• Pure classical Latin
• The languages of the rich & powerful, unknown to the commoners
• Root languages, like Greek or Latin roots

What famous work did Geoffrey Chaucer write in vernacular English?

• The Canterbury Tales
• The Book of the City of Ladies
• The Jungle Book
• Romeo & Juliet

What did Renaissance humanists believe that education could do?

• Dramatically change human beings
• End poverty & war
• Lead to human colonization of space
• Nothing but waste time & money

What were the liberal studies?

• History, moral philosophy, eloquence, letters, poetry, mathematics, astronomy, & music
• Environmentalism, racial inequalities, tax-the-rich, peaceniks, & women's rights
• Sculpture, painting, & architecture
• Alchemy, transfiguration, astronomy, herbology, & flying lessons

What Greek ideal led humanist educators to stress physical education?

• A sound mind in a sound body
• Draco dormiens nunquam titillandus
• May the odds be ever in your favor
• Education was a practical preparation for life

How were females treated differently in humanists schools?

• Largely absent, told not to learn mathematics or rhetoric, aim to become good mothers & wives
• There were no differences between males & females in humanist schools
• They did not study history or the classics, only mathematics
• They were encouraged to take leadership positions over men