Which of the following is the main benefit of emerging treatments and technologies in health care?

• Reduced costs for health care
• Reduced dental health problems
• Improved early detection and screening procedures
• Improved waiting times for surgery in public hospitals

What is the most appropriate advice to give people who are making a decision about an alternative health care service or product?

• Investigate the credibility of the service, product and practitioner
• Cease the conventional medication and medical advice they have been receiving
• Combine alternative health care services with complementary health care products
• Seek recommendations from friends and family who have experienced success with alternative health care services and products

Which of the following best defines the process of metastasis?

• Scanning to locate a tumour
• Cells dividing and multiplying
• Malignant cells invading body tissue or organs
• Differentiating between different types of cancers

Meditation techniques are used by some patients while undergoing chemotherapy for cancer. What type of approach to treatment is this?

• Diversionary
• Pain management
• Alternative health care
• Complementary health care

In which action area of the Ottawa Charter does the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) belong?

• Developing personal skills
• Reorienting health services
• Building healthy public policy
• Strengthening community action

Which combination of factors has contributed most to a decreasing smoking rate in Australia?

• Taxation and increased prevalence of lung cancer
• Targeted legislation and health promotion campaigns
• Education programs and participation in organised sport
• Public perceptions of smoking and decreased access to tobacco products

Which of the following is a sociocultural determinant that explains the increased risk of respiratory diseases for some Australians?

• Being unemployed
• Affordability of medical care
• Exposure to smoking in the family
• Presence of hazardous chemicals at work

The graph shows the mortality rate (1992–2010) for a preventable chronic disease in Australia.
Which of the following is most likely to be the preventable chronic disease represented in the graph?

• Obesity
• Lung cancer
• Type 2 diabetes
• Colorectal cancer

Which combination of factors is most likely to account for the difference in life expectancy of females and males in Australia today?

• Males are less likely to engage in unsafe behaviours and less likely to visit a doctor regularly.
• Females are less likely to engage in unsafe behaviours and more likely to visit a doctor regularly.
• Males are more likely to work in lower risk occupations and more likely to participate in organised physical activity.
• Females are more likely to work in lower risk occupations and less likely to participate in organised physical activity.

The graph summarises historical and projected data for Australian health care expenditure and the Australian working population.
Which major health care issue does the graph predict?

• Funding for new and emerging medical technologies required by working Australians
• Funding for health care in an increasing ageing population
• Increasing demand for health care by the long-term unemployed
• Increasing prevalence of non-communicable disease in the Australian working population