The Enlightenment

Monarchs that embraced the new enlightenment ideas were known as_______, meaning absolute ruler.

• Neoclassical 
• Salons 
• Noble 
• Enlightened despot 

What were the five core beliefs of the philosophes?

• Reason, nature, happiness, property, and freedom 
• Reason, nature, happiness, progress, and liberties 
• Reason, nature, freedom, liberties, and progress

Wrote a book called "Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems."  Book supported the ideas of Copernicus and Ptolomey.  He was later forced to recant.

• Cesare Beccaria 
• Voltaire 
• Francis Bacon 
• Galileo Galilei

Carefully recorded the movement of the planets but did not make mathematical sense of them.  Built upon the work of Copernicus.

• Tycho Brahe 
• Johannes Kepler 
• Rene Decartes 
• Thomas Hobbes 

The __________is a logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas 

• Enlightenment 
• Observations
• Scientific Method
• Guess and Check 

Originally developed the Heliocentric Theory 

• Issac Newton 
• Mary Wollstonecraft 
• Nicolas Copernicus 
• Jean Jacques Rousseau

Held a positive view of human nature.  He said that all people are born free and equal, with three nature rights --life, liberty, and property.

• John Locke 
• Thomas Hobbes
• Francis Bacon 
• Baron de Montesquieu

Promoted criminal justice, abolishing torture, and the idea that the punishment should fit the crime.

• John Locke 
• Francis Bacon 
• Cesare Beccaria 
• Voltaire

He proposed the division of powers within the government.  He called it separation of powers.

• Baron de Montesquieu
• Thomas Hobbes 
• Francis Bacon 
• Rene Decartes 

Continued Brahe's work concluding that certain mathematical laws govern planetary motion 

• Johannes Kepler 
• Mary Wollstonecraft 
• Voltaire 
• Isaac Newton