Enlightenment and American Revolution Pretest

How did the Enlightenment influenced revolutionary thought?

• by instilling a belief in the natural rights of man.
• by designing a common revolutionary strategy.
• by encouraging the poor to take up arms.
• by stressing the importance of the monarchy.

The Declaration of Independence states, “That whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or abolish it.” Which Enlightened idea do these words describe?

• need to ensure a representative government.
• social contract between government and the people.
• revolutionary intent to overthrow the current government.
• return to a society that has no central authority.

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The American Revolution was motivated by which Enlightened idea?

• that government needs central authority.
• of the rightful rule of a monarch.
• that all men are created equal.
• of a distinct class system.

Which group directly challenged the political philosophy expressed in the statement below?
“The person of the king is sacred, and to attack him in any way is an attack on God itself. Kings represent the Divine Majesty and have been appointed to Him to carry out His purposes. Serving God and respecting kings are bound together.”     - Bishop Jacques Bossuet

•   Advocates of divine right
• Leaders of the Catholic Church
• Absolute monarchs of Europe
• Writers of the Enlightenment

Who was the philosopher who separated the government into three branches of government and argued for separation of powers?

• Montesquieu.
• Diderot.
• Voltaire.
• Locke.

he ideas expressed by Locke in the excerpt below helped inspire which of the following?
“If man in the state of nature is free, and lord of his own possessions, why will he give up his freedom? The answer is that rights in the state of nature are constantly exposed to attack by others. Hence each man joins in society to preserve his life, liberty, and property. Whenever the ruler endeavors to take away the property of the people, or reduce them to slavery…they are removed from any further obedience and left to…rise up with force and violence.”   -John Locke, from The Second Treatise of Government (1690)

• Theory of Divine Right
• American Revolution

Which belief of the Enlightenment thinkers contribute to changes in relationships between citizens and governments?

• absolute monarchy is the most effective form of government.
• popular liberties should be limited by the need for social order.
• governments are instituted to protect citizens’ rights.
• most changes in government are dangerous.

John Locke believed that the government had an obligation to the people it governed to protect their natural rights. According to Locke, If the government failed to do this, then what did the people have the right to do?

• move to another country.
• refuse to vote in the next election.
• continue to be persecuted.
• overthrow the government.

Who was the philosopher who believed that all people are born free and equal, with the rights to life, liberty, and property?

• John Locke.
• Thomas Hobbes.

During the early Revolutionary period, American colonists used many methods to show their opposition to British taxation. Which method did they use to show their opposition to taxes imposed by the British government?

• Americans distributed copies of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen among the 13 colonies.
• American colonists boycotted British goods, such as sugar and tea.