Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment

Francis Bacon, Galileo, and Isaac Newton promoted the idea that knowledge should be based on

• the experiences of past civilizations
• experimentation and observation
• emotions and feelings
• the teachings of the Catholic Church

During the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment, one similarity in the work of many scientists and philosophers was that they

• relied heavily on the ideas of medieval thinkers
• favored an absolute monarchy as a way of improving economic conditions
• received support from the Catholic Church
• examined natural laws governing the universe

Which statement best describes the effects of the works of Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Sir Isaac Newton, and René Descartes?

• The acceptance of traditional authority was strengthened.
• The scientific method was used to solve problems.
• Funding to education was increased by the English government.
• Interest in Greek and Roman drama was renewed.

“We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”
The ideas expressed in the quotation are based primarily on the writings of

• Niccolo Machiavelli
• Charles Darwin
• Charlemagne
•   John Locke

Writers of the Enlightenment were primarily interested in

• changing the relationship between people and their government
• supporting the divine right theory
• debating the role of the church in society
• promoting increased power for European monarchs

The writings of the Enlightenment philosophers in Europe encouraged later political revolution with their support of

• Socialism
• Imperialism
• the natural rights of man
• the divine right monarchies

The writers and philosophers of the Enlightenment believed the government decisions should be based on

• fundamental religious beliefs
• the concept of divine right of kings
• laws of nature and reason
• traditional values

Which statement reflects an argument of Enlightenment philosophers against the belief in the divine right of kings?

• god has chosen all government rulers
• independence is built by military might
• a capitalist economic system is necessary for democracy
• the power of the government is derived from the governed

John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau would be most likely to support

• a return to feudalism in Europe
• a government ruled by a divine right monarchy
• a society ruled by the Catholic Church
• a society in which the people chose the ruler

--Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains.
--Everyone has the natural right to life, liberty, and property.
--Slavery, torture, and religious persecution are wrong.
  During which period in European history would the ideas in these statements have been expressed?

• Pax Romana
• Age of Exploration
• Enlightenment
• Age of Imperialism