Genetics Review 2

What do all Organisms have in common?

• They are all eukaryotes
• They are all prokaryotes
• They are all genetically identical
• They all use DNA and RNA to pass on information 

Which are uses for DNA fingerprinting? 

• identifying related individuals and treating genetic disorders
• identifying genes for genetic disorders and producing vaccines
• matching individual DNA samples and identifying related individuals
• determining the number of human genes and forming transgenic organisms

Gel electrophoresis is used to create a unique DNA fingerprint composed of different-sized DNA fragments. What are the molecules responsible for cutting DNA into fragments of different sizes prior to running gel electrophoresis?

• transferase enzymes
• restriction enzymes
• hydrolase enzymes
• ligase enzymes. 

Which would be a benefit of a transgenic crop? 

• decreased drought tolerance 
• decreased disease resistance 
• increased resistance to pests 
• increased demands for nutrients 

What is the significance of the sequence of nucleotides in DNA in a cell’s nucleus?

• It codes for specific fatty acids that link together to form lipids.
• It codes for specific starches that link together to form organelles.
• It codes for specific amino acids that link together to form proteins.
• It codes for specific monosaccharides that link together to form carbohydrates.

A mutation in a strand of mRNA results in a premature stop codon in the middle of the sequence. Which best describes the result of this type of mutation?

• The resulting protein translated from this sequence will be too short and will not function properly.
• The resulting protein translated from this sequence will be too long and will not function properly.
• There will be no effect. Mutations only matter if the mistake is in the tRNA sequence.
• There will be no effect. Mutations only matter if the mistake is in the DNA sequence.

What is most likely to occur if a chemical induces a mutation in a gene that codes for a cell wall protein in an onion?

• The onion skin will turn purple
• The onion will no longer taste good
• The onion will glow in the dark
• Cells in the onion will become an odd shape as the onion grows.

What is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals?

• cloning
• stem cell creation
• genetic engineering 
• modifying organisms

A mother is heterozygous for blood type A and a father has blood type AB. What is the probability that their offspring would have type A blood?

• 0%
• 25%
• 50%
• 75%

Heart disease is a genetic trait that may run in a family’s health history. Which external factor may delay the onset of this disease?

• starting a high-dose asprin regimine
• exercising regularly and proper nutrition
• getting on an organ transplant list early
• not participating in strenuous activity