Conditioning and Social Learning

In Pavlov's studies with dogs, what did the sound of the bell serve as?

• Conditioned stimulus

• Conditioned response

• Unconditioned stimulus

• Unconditioned response

Your cat comes to you when he hears the electric can opener you use to open his food, as well as when he hears the blender, garbage disposal, and other similar sounds in the kitchen. What is your cat demonstrating?

• Stimulus discrimination

• Stimulus generalization

Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?

• Taking a child's dessert away for not using her table manners

• Giving a child money for doing his chores

• Spanking a child for walking into the street

• Stopping nagging a child once he has finished his homework

Which of the following is an example of negative punishment?

• Taking away dessert if a child doesn't finish his dinner

• Giving a child money for doing his chores

• Spanking a child for walking into the street

• Scolding a student who didn't finish his homework

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

• Giving a dog a treat when he walks next to you

• Removing collar pressure on a dog's neck when he walks next to you

What may occur in classical conditioning once an unconditioned stimulus no longer follows a conditioned stimulus? It also may occur in operant conditioning once a response is no longer reinforced.

• Stimulus discrimination

• Stimulus generalization

• Extinction

• Acquisition

In operant conditioning, what is the reinforcement schedule that reinforces an action only after a specified number of responses? For example, once a customer purchases four car washes, they receive the fifth one for free.

• Fixed-ratio

• Variable-ratio

• Fixed-interval

• Variable-interval

Which type of learning is associated with B. F. Skinner?

• Classical conditioning, learning one stimulus leads to another, thus enabling a conditioned response

• Operant conditioning, learning actions have consequences, thus encouraging or discouraging said actions

A group of ranchers are trying to discourage wolves from attacking their sheep by placing a substance on the sheep's wool that will make the wolves ill if they eat it. Very quickly, the wolves avoid the sheep entirely. In this scenario, what is the UCS?

• The substance placed on the sheep's wool

• Sheep

• Avoidance of the sheep

• Getting ill

A group of ranchers are trying to discourage wolves from attacking their sheep by placing a substance on the sheep's wool that will make the wolves ill if they eat it. Very quickly, the wolves avoid the sheep entirely. In this scenario, what is the CR?

• The substance placed on the sheep's wool

• Sheep

• Avoidance of the sheep

• Getting ill