review for eog1

During the colonial era, the northern colonies’ economy depended mainly on fishing and lumber, the middle colonies’ economy depended mainly on growing cash crops and the southern colonies’ economy mainly depended on large plantations.

Which of the following features of the economy would most likely be associated with the northern colonies?  

• steam-powered machinery 
• slave labor 
• shipbuilding
• tobacco farming

Use the excerpt below to answer the question.


 The European merchant, as well as the Americans, will fly across our continent straight
 to China. The rich commerce of Asia will flow through our centre. And where has that
 commerce ever flowed without carrying wealth and dominion with it?

—Senator Thomas Hart Benton, 1849
Senator Benton’s argument supported what aspect of American life prior to the Civil War?  

• expansion into western lands 
•  Indian removal in the South 
• removing restrictions on the spread of slavery
• federal printing of paper money 

Use the table below to answer the question.


Immigration Statistics, 1821–1860  Country of Origin Immigration Totals  Ireland   1,953,000  German States   1,546,000  Great Britain   792,000  France    207,000
What was one result of the arrival of large numbers of immigrants during the 19th century?    

• Businesses had access to large pools of cheap labor.
• Rural areas saw dramatic population growth. 
• The government initiated strict immigration quotas. 
• The number of slaves began to decline in the South. 

Although the Supreme Court ruled against the state of Georgia in Worcester v. Georgia, why were the Cherokee relocated to the Indian Territory?    

• Georgia landowners seized their land and forced them to migrate westward
• State representatives refused to enforce the Supreme Court ruling. 
• The federal government forced them out under the Indian Removal Act. 
• They sold their land to Georgia developers to escape persecution.

During the 1840s, a famine led to increased immigration to the U.S. from which country?  

•  China 
• Ireland
• Russia
•  Mexico 

What aspect of southern life allowed for the spread of cotton farming in the region during the early 19th century?  

• the availability of slave labor 
• the development of state-owned irrigation projects
• the development of widespread public transportation 
• the growth of foreign investments in the states 

What argument was used by those in the United States who opposed the use of protective tariffs in the 1800s?  

• The use of protective tariffs was unconstitutional.
• Tariffs made it more expensive to use slave labor. 
• Tariffs benefitted manufacturers but not farmers. 
• The use of tariffs reduced the price of manufactured goods. 

Use the excerpt below to answer the question.


Should its [the National Bank’s] influence become concentered [concentrated] . . . in the hands of a self-elected directory whose interests are identified with those of the foreign stockholders, will there not be cause to tremble for the purity of our elections in peace and for the independence of our country in war? —Andrew Jackson, Veto of the Bank of the United States Recharter Bill, 1832
Based upon the quote, what was one reason President Andrew Jackson opposed the existence of the National Bank?  

• He argued that the bank’s power might inflict harm on the country.
•  He believed that the bank limited economic growth in the northern states. 
• He saw the bank as an extension of British politics into the new nation. 
• He determined that the bank enabled the expansion of slavery in the South. 

Use the list to answer the question that follows.


   British Legislation in North America, 1764–1765      • Sugar Act, 1764
      • Quartering Act, 1765
      • Stamp Act, 1765
What was the purpose of these measures?  

• to promote trade between the colonies and other European countries 
• to penalize the colonists for acts of rebellion committed against British rule
• to raise revenue needed for improving roads and building canals in the colonies 
•  to get colonists to pay some of the costs resulting from the French and Indian War

Use the excerpt below to answer the question that follows.


 The powers delegated by the proposed Constitution to the federal government are
 few and defined. Those which are to remain in the State governments are numerous 
 and indefinite. The former will be exercised principally on external objects, as war,
 peace, negotiation, and foreign commerce . . . . The powers reserved to the several
 states will extend to all the objects which, in the ordinary course of affairs, concern
 the lives, liberties, and properties of the people, and the internal order, improvement
 and prosperity of the State.

—James Madison, The Federalist Papers, No. 45, January 1788
James Madison would most likely agree with which statement?    

• The Constitution takes away too much power from the state governments. 
•  The Constitution gives most of the power over foreign policy to the states. 
• The Constitution leaves the powers of the federal and state governments unclear. 
• The Constitution divides power fairly between the federal and state governments.