APES Chapter 11 Exam Review

Industrial Agriculture has many benefits.  Which of the following is NOT a benefit associated with industrial agriculture?

• The ratio of energy input to calorie output is low.
• Larger food production per hectare.
• Monoculture can be more efficient.
• Economy of scale can make the food less expensive.

Mechanization of agriculture is advantageous for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

• Machines encourage the growth of several types of plants in a single farm.
• There is an economic advantage if fuel prices are low.
• There is an economic advantage if cost of labor is high.
• Staple crops such as beans and corn are more economically harvestable.

Monocropping has a number of disadvantages.  These include all of the following EXCEPT

• erosion due to exposure of large areas of soil during planting.
• Nutrition and pesticide needs should be similar throughout a single crop.
• Pests are ore likely to attack a monocrop due to the high concentration.
• Loss of habitat for natural pest predators.

After many years of applying the selective pesticides provironex, a farmer notices that the applications seem less effective.  This is likely due to

• the fact that provironex is fat soluble and has been bioaccumulating.
• provironex is selective, so other pests are filling the niche from the exterminated ones.
• provironex is persistent, and the farmer should apply less for better results.
• the target species has begun to evolve resistance.

Which areas of the world are most susceptible to desertification?

• Humid Equitorial Regions
• Temporal Chaparral
• Areas adjacent to the Poles.
• Areas adjacent to Existing Deserts.

IPM is likely to use all of the following techniques EXCEPT

• intercropping.
• planting herbicide-resistant crops.
• habitat creation for pest predators.
• increased use of traditional pesticides.

In the US, organic farming is regulated by

• OFPA
• FIFRA
• FSA
• CERCLA

CAFOs make meat more economical, but may have some negative environmental impacts.  These include all of the following EXCEPT

• high concentrations of animal waste.
• increase in nutrients in stormwater runoff.
• increase in sediments in stormwater runoff.
• increased use of land area over other types of animal farming.

Many scientists argue that worldwide fisheries are declining, yet the worldwide number of fish harvested continues to increase.  What would best explain this discrepancy?

• Fisheries are collapsing only in the areas that the scientists are studying.
• More people are reporting the fish that they catch.
• Only apex predator populations are collapsing.
• An increase in fishing technology and increased fishing effort are leading to an increase in catch despite the declining populations.

According to the Environmental Defense Fund, which of the following fish are "best" choices for sustainability?
I. Wild Alaskan Salmon
II. Chilean Sea Bass
III. Farmed Rainbow Trout

• I
• I and II
• II and III
• I and III