Which of the following can be determined directly from X-ray diffraction photographs of crystallized DNA?

the bond angles of the subunits

It became apparent to Watson and Crick after completion of their model that the DNA molecule could carry a vast amount of hereditary information in which of the following?

side groups of nitrogenous bases

Replication in prokaryotes differs from replication in eukaryotes for which of the following reasons? A) Prokaryotic chromosomes have histones, whereas eukaryotic chromosomes do not.

Prokaryotic chromosomes have a single origin of replication, whereas eukaryotic chromosomes have many.

Prokaryotic chromosomes have histones, whereas eukaryotic chromosomes do not.

The rate of elongation during DNA replication is slower in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes.

Prokaryotes produce Okazaki fragments during DNA replication, but eukaryotes do not

What is meant by the description "antiparallel" regarding the strands that make up DNA?

The 5' to 3' direction of one strand runs counter to the 5' to 3' direction of the other strand.

The twisting nature of DNA creates nonparallel strands.

Base pairings create unequal spacing between the two DNA strands.

One strand is positively charged and the other is negatively charged.

Suppose you are provided with an actively dividing culture of E. coli bacteria to which radioactive thymine has been added. What would happen if a cell replicates once in the presence of this radioactive base?

DNA in both daughter cells would be radioactive

One of the daughter cells, but not the other, would have radioactive DNA.

Neither of the two daughter cells would be radioactive.

All four bases of the DNA would be radioactive.

An Okazaki fragment has which of the following arrangements?

5' RNA nucleotides, DNA nucleotides 3'

3' RNA nucleotides, DNA nucleotides 5'

DNA polymerase I, DNA polymerase III

In E. coli, there is a mutation in a gene called dnaB that alters the helicase that normally acts at the origin. Which of the following would you expect as a result of this mutation?

No replication fork will be formed.

Replication will occur via RNA polymerase alone.

Eukaryotic telomeres replicate differently than the rest of the chromosome. This is a consequence of which of the following?

gaps left at the 5' end of the lagging strand

the evolution of telomerase enzyme

DNA polymerase that cannot replicate the leading strand template to its 5' end

gaps left at the 3' end of the lagging strand because of the need for a primer

The enzyme telomerase solves the problem of replication at the ends of linear chromosomes by which method?

adding numerous short DNA sequences such as TTAGGG, which form a hairpin turn

adding a single 5' cap structure that resists degradation by nucleases

causing specific double-strand DNA breaks that result in blunt ends on both strands

causing linear ends of the newly replicated DNA to circularize

The DNA of telomeres has been found to be highly conserved throughout the evolution of eukaryotes. What does this most probably reflect?

that the critical function of telomeres must be maintained

that new evolution of telomeres continues

that mutations in telomeres are relatively advantageous

Polytene chromosomes of Drosophila salivary glands each consist of multiple identical DNA strands that are aligned in parallel arrays. How could these arise?

replication followed by mitosis

fertilization by multiple sperm

To repair a thymine dimer by nucleotide excision repair, in which order do the necessary enzymes act?

endonuclease, DNA polymerase I, DNA ligase

exonuclease, DNA polymerase III, RNA primas

helicase, DNA polymerase I, DNA ligase

DNA polymerase I, DNA polymerase III, DNA ligase

What is the function of DNA polymerase III?

to add nucleotides to the 3' end of a growing DNA strand

to unwind the DNA helix during replicatio

to seal together the broken ends of DNA strands

to degrade damaged DNA molecules

The leading and the lagging strands differ in that

the leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork, and the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction.

the leading strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing strand, and the lagging strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 5' end

the lagging strand is synthesized continuously, whereas the leading strand is synthesized in short fragments that are ultimately stitched together.

the leading strand is synthesized at twice the rate of the lagging strand.

A new DNA strand elongates only in the 5' to 3' direction because

DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the free 3' end.

DNA polymerase begins adding nucleotides at the 5' end of the template.

Okazaki fragments prevent elongation in the 3' to 5' direction.

replication must progress toward the replication fork.

What is the function of topoisomerase?

relieving strain in the DNA ahead of the replication fork

elongating new DNA at a replication fork by adding nucleotides to the existing chain

adding methyl groups to bases of DNA

stabilizing single-stranded DNA at the replication fork

What is the role of DNA ligase in the elongation of the lagging strand during DNA replication?

It joins Okazaki fragments together.

It synthesizes RNA nucleotides to make a primer.

It catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres.

It unwinds the parental double helix.

In his work with pneumonia-causing bacteria and mice, Griffith found that

some substance from pathogenic cells was transferred to nonpathogenic cells, making them pathogenic.

the protein coat from pathogenic cells was able to transform nonpathogenic cells.

heat-killed pathogenic cells caused pneumonia.

the polysaccharide coat of bacteria caused pneumonia.

Which of the following variations on translation would be most disadvantageous for a cell?

translating polypeptides directly from DNA

lengthening the half-life of mRNA

Garrod hypothesized that "inborn errors of metabolism" such as alkaptonuria occur because

metabolic enzymes require vitamin cofactors, and affected individuals have significant nutritional deficiencies.

enzymes are made of DNA, and affected individuals lack DNA polymerase.

The nitrogenous base adenine is found in all members of which group?

proteins, triglycerides, and testosterone

The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. From this, one can logically assume which of the following?

A gene from an organism can theoretically be expressed by any other organism.

All organisms have experienced convergent evolution.

DNA was the first genetic material.

The same codons in different organisms translate into the different amino acids.

The "universal" genetic code is now known to have exceptions. Evidence for this can be found if which of the following is true?

If UGA, usually a stop codon, is found to code for an amino acid such as tryptophan (usually coded for by UGG only).

If one stop codon, such as UGA, is found to have a different effect on translation than another stop codon, such as UAA

If prokaryotic organisms are able to translate a eukaryotic mRNA and produce the same polypeptide.

If several codons are found to translate to the same amino acid, such as serine.

Which of the following nucleotide triplets best represents a codon?

a triplet in the same reading frame as an upstream AUG

a triplet separated spatially from other triplets

a triplet that has no corresponding amino acid

a triplet at the opposite end of tRNA from the attachment site of the amino acid

Which of the following provides some evidence that RNA probably evolved before DNA?

DNA polymerase uses primer, usually made of RNA.

RNA polymerase uses DNA as a template.

RNA polymerase makes a single-stranded molecule.

RNA polymerase does not require localized unwinding of the DNA.

Which of the following statements best describes the termination of transcription in prokaryotes?

RNA polymerase transcribes through the terminator sequence, causing the polymerase to separate from the DNA and release the transcript.

RNA polymerase transcribes through the polyadenylation signal, causing proteins to associate with the transcript and cut it free from the polymerase

RNA polymerase transcribes through an intron, and the snRNPs cause the polymerase to let go of the transcript.

Once transcription has initiated, RNA polymerase transcribes until it reaches the end of the chromosome.

Which of the following does not occur in prokaryotic eukaryotic gene expression, but does in eukaryotic gene expression?

A poly-A tail is added to the 3' end of an mRNA and a cap is added to the 5' end.

mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA are transcribed

RNA polymerase binds to the promoter.

Transcription can begin as soon as translation has begun even a little.

RNA polymerase in a prokaryote is composed of several subunits. Most of these subunits are the same for the transcription of any gene, but one, known as sigma, varies considerably. Which of the following is the most probable advantage for the organism of such sigma switching?

It might allow the polymerase to recognize different promoters under certain environmental conditions.

It might allow the transcription process to vary from one cell to another.

It could allow the polymerase to react differently to each stop codon.

It could allow ribosomal subunits to assemble at faster rates.

Which of the following is a function of a poly-A signal sequence?

It codes for a sequence in eukaryotic transcripts that signals enzymatic cleavage ~1035 nucleotides away.

It adds the poly-A tail to the 3' end of the mRNA.

It allows the 3' end of the mRNA to attach to the ribosome.

It is a sequence that codes for the hydrolysis of the RNA polymerase.

Transcription in eukaryotes requires which of the following in addition to RNA polymerase?

several transcription factors (TFs)

the protein product of the promoter

A part of the promoter, called the TATA box, is said to be highly conserved in evolution. Which of the following might this illustrate?

Any mutation in the sequence is selected against.

The sequence evolves very rapidly.

The sequence is found in many but not all promoters.

The TATA sequence is found only several nucleotides away from the start site of transcription. This most probably relates to which of the following?

the number of hydrogen bonds between A and T in DNA

the triplet nature of the codon

the ability of this sequence to bind to the start site

the supercoiling of the DNA near the start site

an enzyme that uses RNA as a substrate

an enzyme that catalyzes the association between the large and small ribosomal subunits

an enzyme that synthesizes RNA as part of the transcription process

A transcription unit that is 8,000 nucleotides long may use 1,200 nucleotides to make a protein consisting of approximately 400 amino acids. This is best explained by the fact that

many noncoding stretches of nucleotides are present in mRNA.

there is redundancy and ambiguity in the genetic code.

many nucleotides are needed to code for each amino acid.

there are termination exons near the beginning of mRNA.

Alternative RNA splicing

can allow the production of proteins of different sizes from a single mRNA

is a mechanism for increasing the rate of transcription.

can allow the production of similar proteins from different RNAs.

increases the rate of transcription

Alternative RNA splicing

can allow the production of proteins of different sizes from a single mRNA.

is a mechanism for increasing the rate of transcription

can allow the production of similar proteins from different RNAs

increases the rate of transcription.

What is the function of GTP in translation?

GTP energizes the formation of the initiation complex, using initiation factors.

GTP hydrolyzes to provide phosphate groups for tRNA binding.

GTP hydrolyzes to provide energy for making peptide bonds.

GTP supplies phosphates and energy to make ATP from ADP.

A mutant bacterial cell has a defective aminoacyl synthetase that attaches a lysine to tRNAs with the anticodon AAA instead of the normal phenylalanine. The consequence of this for the cell will be that

proteins in the cell will include lysine instead of phenylalanine at amino acid positions specified by the codon UUU.

none of the proteins in the cell will contain phenylalanine

the cell will compensate for the defect by attaching phenylalanine to tRNAs with lysine-specifying anticodons

the ribosome will skip a codon every time a UUU is encountered.

Campbell Chapter 16 Online Test

Authored by Rachel Sanders

Biology

10th Grade - University

NGSS covered

Used 3+ times

AI Actions

Add similar questions

Adjust reading levels

Convert to real-world scenario

Translate activity

More...

Content View

Student View

67 questions

Show all answers

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

15 mins • 1 pt

1) In his transformation experiments, what did Griffith observe?

Mutant mice were resistant to bacterial infections.

Mixing a heat-killed pathogenic strain of bacteria with a living nonpathogenic strain can convert some of the living cells into the pathogenic form.

Mixing a heat-killed nonpathogenic strain of bacteria with a living pathogenic strain makes the pathogenic strain nonpathogenic.

Infecting mice with nonpathogenic strains of bacteria makes them resistant to pathogenic strain

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

15 mins • 1 pt

How do we describe transformation in bacteria?

the creation of a strand of DNA from an RNA molecule

the creation of a strand of RNA from a DNA molecule

the infection of cells by a phage DNA molecule

assimilation of external DNA into a cell

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

15 mins • 1 pt

After mixing a heat-killed, phosphorescent strain of bacteria with a living nonphosphorescent strain, you discover that some of the living cells are now phosphorescent. Which observations would provide the best evidence that the ability to fluoresce is a heritable trait?

DNA passed from the heat-killed strain to the living strain.

Protein passed from the heat-killed strain to the living strain.

The phosphorescence in the living strain is especially bright.

Descendants of the living cells are also phosphorescent.

After mixing a heat-killed, phosphorescent strain of bacteria with a living nonphosphorescent strain, you discover that some of the living cells are now phosphorescent. Which observations would provide the best evidence that the ability to fluoresce is a heritable trait?

DNA passed from the heat-killed strain to the living strain.

Protein passed from the heat-killed strain to the living strain.

The phosphorescence in the living strain is especially bright.

Descendants of the living cells are also phosphorescent.

In trying to determine whether DNA or protein is the genetic material, Hershey and Chase made use of which of the following facts?

DNA contains sulfur, whereas protein does not.

DNA contains phosphorus, whereas protein does not.

DNA contains nitrogen, whereas protein does not.

DNA contains purines, whereas protein includes pyrimidines.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

15 mins • 1 pt

Which of the following investigators was/were responsible for the following discovery?
In DNA from any species, the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine

Frederick Griffith

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase

Oswald Avery, Maclyn McCarty, and Colin MacLeod

Erwin Chargaff

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

15 mins • 1 pt

Cytosine makes up 42% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. Approximately what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?

16%

31%

42%

Access all questions and much more by creating a free account

Create resources

Host any resource

Get auto-graded reports

Continue with Google

Continue with Email

Continue with Classlink

Continue with Clever

or continue with

Microsoft

Apple

Others

Already have an account?

Popular Resources on Wayground

15 questions

Fractions on a Number Line

Quiz

•

3rd Grade

20 questions

Equivalent Fractions

Quiz

•

3rd Grade

25 questions

Multiplication Facts

Quiz

•

5th Grade

54 questions

Analyzing Line Graphs & Tables

Quiz

•

4th Grade

$fractions$

22 questions

fractions

Quiz

•

3rd Grade

20 questions

Main Idea and Details

Quiz

•

5th Grade

20 questions

Context Clues

Quiz

•

6th Grade

15 questions

Equivalent Fractions

Quiz

•

4th Grade

Discover more resources for Biology

23 questions

Food Chains and Food Webs

Quiz

•

KG - University

16 questions

Food Web Practice

Quiz

•

KG - University

Campbell Chapter 16 Online Test

1) In his transformation experiments, what did Griffith observe?

How do we describe transformation in bacteria?

After mixing a heat-killed, phosphorescent strain of bacteria with a living nonphosphorescent strain, you discover that some of the living cells are now phosphorescent. Which observations would provide the best evidence that the ability to fluoresce is a heritable trait?

After mixing a heat-killed, phosphorescent strain of bacteria with a living nonphosphorescent strain, you discover that some of the living cells are now phosphorescent. Which observations would provide the best evidence that the ability to fluoresce is a heritable trait?

In trying to determine whether DNA or protein is the genetic material, Hershey and Chase made use of which of the following facts?

Which of the following investigators was/were responsible for the following discovery? In DNA from any species, the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine

Cytosine makes up 42% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. Approximately what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?

Which of the following can be determined directly from X-ray diffraction photographs of crystallized DNA?

It became apparent to Watson and Crick after completion of their model that the DNA molecule could carry a vast amount of hereditary information in which of the following?

In an analysis of the nucleotide composition of DNA, which of the following will be found?

Access all questions and much more by creating a free account

Popular Resources on Wayground

Discover more resources for Biology

Which of the following investigators was/were responsible for the following discovery?
In DNA from any species, the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine