8th Grade Ecosystems

Plants use the sunlight to make their own food. Therefore, plants are 

• Producers, which produce energy for the rest of the ecosystem.
• Consumers, consuming other living things in an ecosystem
• predators, top of the food chain

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Ecosystems have energy transfer. Does the top or bottom of the chain have the most energy?

• Top, the concumers
• Bottom, the producers

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Explain how energy transfers in an ecosystem.

• More energy is available after each transfer
• The energy is always the same
• Less energy is available after each transfer

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Compost helps gardeners fertilize their plants. Compost is organic material broken down by microorganisms. This is possible because of

• producers
• consumers
• decomposers

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Barnacles have no means of movement, so they hitch a ride on whales. Whales are neither harmed nor helped in this relationship. This is an example of

• mutualism
• commensalism
• parasitism

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Tapeworms live in the stomachs of living things and feed on the food that is being digested. This is an example of

• parasitisim
• commensalism
• mutualism

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Two anglefish are struggling for the best territory in a small fishbowl. This is an example of

• Competition
• mutualism
• parasitism

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Insects get nectar from flowers. They also transfer the pollen that gets stuck in their bodies to another flower to help grow more plants. This is an example of

• mutualism
• commensalism
• parasitism

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Dead plants in an ecosystem are important because

• they breakdown and give nutrients to other plants
• animals eat them
• they provide shelter

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Which organisms make energy available to all other organisms in a food chain?

• consumers
• producers
• decomposers

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