Ch's. 6 & 7 Heredity & Genes

Instructions for an inherited trait are called genes. For each gene, there are two alleles, one inherited from each parent. Both alleles make up an organism’s genotype. 

• True
• False

An organism’s phenotype is the organism’s observable characteristics. 

• True
• False

Punnett squares do not show all possible offspring genotypes. 

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• False

Probability can be used to describe possible outcomes in offspring and the likelihood of each outcome. 

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• False

All genes influence more than one trait. 

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• False

The environment can influence how genes are expressed. 

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• False

Scientists estimate that humans have approximately 30,000 genes.

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• False

Heredity is:

• Describes a cell, nucleus, or organism that has only one set of unpaired chromosomes.
• A cell that contains two haploid sets of chromosomes.
• The passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring.
• The entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits.

Dominant Trait is:

• Trait that reappears in the second generation after disappearing in the first generation when parents with different traits are bred.
• The trait observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred.
• One of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color.
• The passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring.

Haploid is:

• Trait that reappears in the second generation after disappearing in the first generation when parents with different traits are bred.
• The trait observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred.
• A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decrease to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells.
• Describes a cell, nucleus, or organism that has only one set of unpaired chromosomes.