Review #1

Britain lost some of its oldest colonies after the American Revolutionary War. After this loss, British leaders were interested in expanding their empire. They looked to Asia, Africa, and the Pacific to expand their colonies. Britain also increased its empire after defeating Napoleonic France. How did England’s desire to expand its empire affect the global economy?

• England transformed the international arts by selling many plays and dramas about its dreams for an empire
• England achieved its global empire by becoming the leading exporter of finished goods worldwide
• England exploited its natural resources to win the global competition for land on all continents.
• D England colonized various territories and regions around the world. 

. . . reason, which is that law teaches all mankind, who would but consult it, that being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions. Second Treatise on Civil Government by John Locke, 1689 
 Which concept of the Enlightenment would the above passage most likely support? 

• Truth can be discovered through reasoning and logic
• B Humankind can and should improve over time. 
• C People have a right to equality and freedom. 
• D What is natural is also reasonable. 

French Revolution Factors • unfair taxation • government fraudulence • feudal oppression •
 Chinese Revolution Factors • government corruption • unfair treatment of poor • desire for freedom •
Iranian Revolution Factors • inflation • government mismanagement • large government debt
Which has been a major factor in revolutions, such as that of the French in 1789, the Chinese in 1949, and the Iranians in 1979?

• growing population
• new, advanced technology
• a policy of religious toleration
• a weak or corrupt government

Can we doubt (remembering that many more individuals are born than can possibly survive) that individuals having any advantage, however slight, over others, would have the best chance of surviving and of [reproducing] their kind? . . . This preservation of favourable variations and the rejection of injurious variations, I call Natural Selection. Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species, 1859
 Based on the excerpt, how might a social Darwinist explain societal divisions?

• A The upper class willingly sacrifices its own well-being to help the lower class. 
• The upper and lower classes work together to ensure the success of both groups.
• The social classes are divided equally to ensure equal access to existing economic opportunities.
• The upper class better adapts and thrives within modern societies than the middle and lower classes.

During the Italian Renaissance, artists and thinkers rediscovered classical knowledge and art. As part of that process some artists, particularly Leonardo da Vinci, began to challenge the explanations for the natural world offered by the Church. How did Renaissance art influence modern society?

• A Artists lost importance once they began to challenge social norms. 
• B Intellectuals began to explore scientific explanations for the world. 
• C Art became the only way through which to question society. 
• D Monarchs became the only people who could gain access to knowledge. 

Command Economy: The state owns collective farms and all types of industry. Government officials make all major economic decisions. Market Economy: Farms and industry are privately owned and operated. Producers and consumers make most economic decisions. Traditional Economy: Subsistence agriculture is practiced on small family farms. Economic decisions are based on custom and habit.
What can be concluded from the information?

• C Making a profit is very important in traditional economies. 
• A Global competition is important in all three economies. 
• B Central government is weakest in command ecoC Making a profit is very important in traditional economies. nomies. 
• D Economic freedom is most practiced in market economies. 

Paying bills when they become due helps to improve a person’s credit score. How does having a good credit score affect the quality of life for consumers?

• Maintaining good credit allows people to borrow money from banks at a much higher interest rate.
• People who do not maintain good credit scores are unable to get any type of loan.
• Good credit scores will allow people to invest money and open savings accounts.
• Banks are more likely to loan money to people with good credit scores at lower interest rates

Based on the chart above, how would voters most likely respond to a climate crisis?

• A A majority of all voters would support candidates who propose solutions. 
• Most voters would deny and ignore the crisis, preferring to wait for a natural remedy
• Undecided voters would provide the least support for the use of public funds to solve the crisis
• Voters for Candidate Y would provide the most support for public and private efforts to solve the problem.

The exportation of laborers and capital from old to new countries . . . adds to the joint wealth of the old and the new country . . . There needs be no hesitation in affirming that Colonization, in the present state of the world, is the best affair of business, in which the [wealth] of an old and wealthy country can engage. Principles of Political Economy by John Stuart Mill, 1848
Based on the excerpt, what was Mill’s perception of colonialism?

• A Colonization expands the power of European churches. 
• B Colonization benefits both the colonizer and the colonized. 
• C Colonization introduces diseases to Europe that sicken entire populations. 
• Colonization encourages European countries to create democratic governments.