18 AP Biology Unit 7 Evolution

Using the cladogram:  a common ancestor of amphibians and ray-finned fish would have

• a bony skeleton
• four limbs
• scaly skin
• eggs with shells

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The wing of a bat and a humans' arm have different functions and appear very different.  Yet, the underlying anatomy is basically the same.  therefore, these structures are examples of

• geographic isolation
• analogous structures
• homology
• reproductive isolation

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The birds in the image are the Eastern and Western Meadowlark. Biologists believe that members of the two species do no interbreed because the songs of males are very different in each species. What type of reproductive barrier is this?

• postzygotic; geographic isolation

• prezygotic barrier; behavior isolation

• postzygotic barrier; behavioral isolation

• prezygotic barrier; habitat isolation

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Two allopatric (living apart) species of sparrows have very similar niches when compared to two sympatric (living together) species of sparrows. What would be a good explanation for this?

• The allopatric species have no competition with one another so therefore can occupy similar niches

• The sympatric species are usually mechanically isolated from one another

• The sympatric species diverged from a common ancestor

• The allopatric species are behaviorally isolated from one another

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In a population of 1000 people, 160 have the recessive genotype. What percentage of the population is homozygous dominant?

• 3

• 36

• 20

• 48

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The Tasmanian wolf is a marsupial that resembles the North America wolf. A genetic and morphological comparison shows that the North American wolf is much more closely related to mice, humans, and elephants than to the Tasmanian wolf. How is this explained?

• adaptive radiation

• divergent evolution

• founder effect

• convergent evolution

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The image shows two human cells with alleles for a receptor protein. For the virus to enter a cell it uses the receptor protein of a host cell. When the viral protein bonds with a protein on the cell surface, the virus is drawn into the cell through endocytosis. Which of the two cells is the virus most likely to be able to infect

• Cell one

• Cell two

• Both cell one and cell two equally

The image shows two human cells with different alleles for a receptor protein. For the virus to enter a cell it uses the receptor protein of a host cell. When the viral protein bonds with a protein on the cell surface, the virus is drawn into the cell through endocytosis.

If the allele for the red receptor protein in the population has a frequency of 0.7, what is the frequency of the individuals in the population who are heterozygous (have both types of receptor proteins on their cell surfaces)?

• 0.49

• 0.42

• 0.09

• 0.18

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The image shows two human cells with different alleles for a receptor protein. For the virus to enter a cell it uses the receptor protein of a host cell. When the viral protein bonds with a protein on the cell surface, the virus is drawn into the cell through endocytosis.

If the virus shown in the diagram causes a high percentage of the general public to develop a fatal type of lung infection, what do would you expect to observe with respect to the alleles that code for the receptor proteins in the population.

• the two alleles would stay in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

• the allele for the red protein would increase in frequency

• the allele for the green protein would increase in frequency

• the allele for the green protein would become fixed in the population

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Consider two different infectious viruses and determine which would be most likely to result in significant genetic change within the population?

• a virus that is extremely lethal for individuals over 70 years of age

• a virus that is extremely lethal for individuals of all age groups

• a virus that is extremely lethal for individuals less than five years of age.

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