Psychology Unit 4: Consciousness

Circadian rhythm refers to 

• the pattern of emotional ups and downs we routinely experience
• a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle
• the experience of jet lag following an extensive transoceanic flight
• the cycle of five distinct stages that we experience during a normal night’s sleep

During the course of a full night’s sleep, people are most likely to spend more time in __ sleep than in __ sleep. 

• stage 4; stage 2
• REM; stage 4
• stage 3; REM
• REM; stage 2

The brain waves associated with REM sleep are most similar to those of 

• Stage 1 sleep
• Stage 2 sleep
• Stage 3 sleep 
• Stage 4 sleep

REM sleep is paradoxical sleep because 

• our heart rate is slow and steady, while our breathing is highly irregular
• we are deeply asleep but can be awakened easily
• our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move
• it leads to highly imaginative dreams that are perceived as colorless images

Three hours after going to sleep, Hannah’s heart rate increases, her breathing becomes more rapid, and her eyes move rapidly under her closed lids. Research suggests that Hannah is 

• dreaming
• ready to sleepwalk
• exhibiting a sleep spindle
•  experiencing a night terror

The human sleep cycle repeats itself about every 

• 30 minutes
• 90 minutes 
• 2 ½ hours 
• 4 hours

Traffic accident rates have been found to _____ after the spring change to daylight savings time and to _____ after the fall change back to standard time. 

• increase; increase
• increase; decrease 
• decrease; decrease
• decrease; increase

Sleep deprivation has been shown to 

• increase attentiveness to highly motivating tasks 
• reduce high blood pressure
• diminish immunity to disease
• all of the above

Chronic sleep deprivation is likely to _____ obesity and _____ memory 

• facilitate; facilitate
• inhibit; impair 
•  facilitate; impair
• inhibit; facilitate

REM sleep is _____ by alcohol and ____ by sleeping pills 

• inhibited; inhibited
• facilitated; inhibited
• inhibited; facilitated
• facilitated; facilitated