Genetics Chapters 2 and 3 Review

Which stem cells have the most potency?

• Multipotent
• Pluripotent
• Totipotent
• Unipotent

Stem cells are

• cells that grow uncontrollably
• undifferentiated and can be any type of cell
• never go through cell division
• only found in embryos

Stem cells can be obtained from

• embryos
• some adult tissues
• umbilical cord blood
• all of the above

What does "pluripotent" mean?

• able to divide and make many different types of cells
• not able to divide
• can only divide and make one cell type 
• if it divides, it will make a cancerous tumor

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What is the difference between embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells?

• Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into more cell types than adult stem cells
• Adult stem cells are pluripotent, just like embryonic stem cells
• Adult stem cells can differentiate into more cell types than embryonic stem cells
• Adult stem cells grow bigger than embryonic stem cells

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Medical research involving stem cells is important for ...

• To test the effectiveness of new drugs
• The generation of cells and tissues that can be used in cell based therapies
• To understand the consequences of turning genes off and on
• All of the above

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Which is true about Adult Stem Cells.

• They no longer do mitosis, their cell type is set and can not change
• They are limited to the type of  cell they can become.
• They can become any cell type in the body
• They are found in embryos

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The diagram shows the process of cell specialization from a single stem cell. Which of the following statements is true about the process of specialization.

• Specilized cells (blood, skin, nervous etc) cannot be produced from a single stem cell
• Specilized cells are produced immediately following fertilization
• Even though all the cells in an organism come from one single cell, they can specialize into different cell types
• Sincce all the cells in an organism come from one single cell, they must all have the same structure and function

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How do stem cells know what type of cells to differentiate into?

• The nucleus has instructions to turn some genes on and some genes off
• Signals from chemicals in the organism or from the environment determine which genes will be turned on and off
• Genes turn on and off randomly
• The cell has unique DNA that determines what the cell will become.

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What are iPS cells, and what do they mean to stem cell research?

• Induced purpose stem cells, mean embryo cells were made into adult-like cells
• Induced purpose stem cells, mean adult cells were reversed to baby cells
• Induced pluripotent stem cells, mean adult cells were made into embryo-like cells
• Induced pluripotent stem cells, mean cells were totipotent and are now pluripotent