class and education

Douglas, (1964) found out that the single most important factor explaining educational success or failure was: 

• High cultural capital
• Amount of parental encouragement
• Postcode
• Labelling

How does Gilborn see schools and curriculum developments? 

• As dictated by market forces 
• As institutionally racist as the curriculum disadvantages black students in a range of ways. 
• As a place where meritocracy flourishes 
• As a place where working-class children are disadvantaged, 

Cultural deprivation is an external explanation for academic under achievement explained by 

• Factors such as subcultures and different norms and values which stress toughness and masculinity
• Factors such as lack of books and trips to the theatre
• Factors such as young people's socialisation in the family, their community and cultural values
• Factors such as football and hockey

Restricted and elaborated code are terms which are used by which sociologist to explain the different language types of working class and middle class people

• Fran Ansley
• Sue Sharpe
• Basil Bernstein
• Karl Marx

One explanation which has been given for poor educational performance of working class students which includes things such as poor housing and lack of a place to study is: 

• External Factors 
• Cultural Deprivation
• Social Deprivation 
• Material deprivation

Youdell and Gilborn talked about the way that teachers separate students, related to their expectations, into three groups of students and direct the most attention to the two highest groups who are likely to pass their GCSEs. This term was:

• Educational Inequality
• Educational triage
• Labelling theory
• Baccalaureate

Lacey stated that there are two processes at work in schools as a result of streaming and setting. These were termed:

• Banding and Streaming
• Differentiation and polarisation
• Self-fulfilling prophecy
• Educational Inequality

Hargreaves and Ball state that processes such as streaming, setting and teacher's perceptions of students results in the  formation of:

• peer group Peer group gangs 
• Pro or anti-school subcultures
• Informal sanctions
• Differentiation and polarisation

A famous study of teacher labelling, which was based on the Pygmalion play by George Bernard Shaw and looks at the way that teacher's expectations influence how students perform in tests was conducted by

• Karl Marx
• Mac an Ghaill
• Rosenthal and Jacobson
• Paul Gilroy

Keddie said that teachers who teach in higher stream classes, give those students more information and and greater access to: 

• Abstract ideas and philsophy 
• High GCSE grades
• high status knowledge
• low status knowledge