AP Psych Learning Unit Test

 Through direct experience with animals, small children come to anticipate that dogs will bark and that birds will chirp. This best illustrates what psychological learning concept?

•      Associative learning 
• Law of effect

Blinking in response to a puff of air directed to your eye is

• unconditioned response 
• conditioned stimulus

 Maddie gets a speeding ticket, and her parents take her car away for 2 weeks. This is an example of what reinforcement schedule? 

• positive punishment 
• negative punishment

1.  What is an example of a secondary reinforcer?

• money
• positive reinforcer

 Leah is interested in helping her daughter learn manners. Each time her daughter says something that is close to appropriate, she rewards her. Eventually, her daughter should learn good manners. What term is explained by this process?

• shaping
• habituation 

 Which of the following is an example of a fixed-interval reinforcement schedule?

• being paid by the week
• eating three meals a day

 Responding to a stimulus in order to avoid electric shock is an example of what?

• escape conditioning
• avoidance conditioning 

Rats that do not find a positive reinforcer at the end of a maze learn slowly when compared to rats that do find a positive reinforcer at the end of a maze. However, if the first group does begin receiving a positive reinforcement at the end of a maze, their performance in the maze begins to match the second group’s performance. This is an example of what effect?

• Intrinsic learning 
• latent learning 

 Under which reinforcement schedule is it most important for an organism to learn to accurately estimate time?

• fixed ratio
• fixed interval

What is most true of punishment? 

• its effective means of extinction 
•    Its inhibitory effect is only short-range, and the general behavior tendency remains unchanged.