MMS Civics: Landmark Supreme Court Cases

Was the first Court case to apply the principle of "judicial review" 

• Marbury v. Madison
• Plessy v. Ferguson
• Bush v. Gore

Upheld the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal".

• Brown v. Board of Education
• Plessy v. Ferguson
• Gideon v. Wainwright

The Court said that segregated schools were unequal and violated the Fourteenth Amendment.

• Gideon v. Wainwright
• District of Columbia v. Heller
• Brown v. Board of Education

Ruled that courts are required to provide counsel in criminal cases to represent defendants who are unable to afford their own attorneys.

• United States v. Nixon
• Marbury v. Madison
• Gideon v. Wainwright

A person has to be informed of his or her rights before being arrested and questioned by the police. 

• Miranda v. Arizona
• Tinker v. Des Moines
• Plessy v. Ferguson

Defined the first amendment rights of students in U.S. public schools. Stated that students do have some 1^st Amendment rights in school. 

• Tinker v. Des Moines
• Gideon v. Wainwright
• Bush v. Gore

Public schools do not have to allow student speech if it is inconsistent with the schools' educational mission.

• Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
• Bush v. Gore
• Marbury v. Madison

Showed that the president is accountable for obeying the law.

• United States v. Nixon
• Plessy v. Ferguson
• Miranda v. Arizona

Resolved the dispute surrounding the 2000 presidential election. 

• District of Columbia v. Heller
• Bush v. Gore
• Brown v. Board of Education

The first Supreme Court case to decide that the Second Amendment protects an individual’s right to keep and bear arms for self-defense.

• District of Columbia v. Heller
• Miranda v. Arizona
• Gideon v. Wainwright