At a location in the Northern Hemisphere, a camera was placed outside at night with the lens pointing straight up. The shutter was left open for four hours, resulting in the star trails shown below.

How many degrees did each star travel?

• 1°N

• 30° N

• 60°N

• 90°N

 A red shift in the light from very distant galaxies suggests that the universe is 

• fixed and stationary 
• moving randonly
• contracting
• expanding 

When water vapor condenses, how much heat energy will be released into the atmosphere? 

• 2260 joules/gram
• 334 joules/gram
• 4.18 joules/gram
• 2.11 joules/gra

A dry-bulb temperature of 30°C and a wet-bulb temperature of 29°C were recorded at a weather station. What are the relative humidity and the most likely weather conditions? 

• Relative humidity is 29% with clear skies. 
• Relative humidity is 29% with a good chance of snow. 
• elative humidity is 93% with clear skies. 
• Relative humidity is 93% with a good chance of rain. 

An air mass entering Alaska from the northern Pacific Ocean would most likely be labeled on a weather map as 

• cP
• mP
• cT
• mT

Most tornadoes in the Northern Hemisphere are best described as violently rotating columns of air surrounded by 

• clockwise surface winds moving toward the columns 
• clockwise surface winds moving away from the columns 
• counterclockwise surface winds moving toward the columns 
• counterclockwise surface winds moving away from the columns 

The surface bedrock of Mt. Marcy, New York, is composed primarily of which rock? 

• anorthosite
• marble
• quartzite 
• hornfels

Valcouroceras is a New York State index fossil. Which mountain-building event occurred in New York State during the time when Valcouroceras was living in oceans covering parts of New York State? 

• Alleghenian orogeny 
• Acadian orogeny
• Taconian orogeny
• Grenville orogeny 

Which two Earth layers are separated by the Moho boundary? 

• rigid mantle and plastic mantle 
• outer core and stiffer mantle
  
• stiffer mantle and asthenosphere 
• crust and rigid mantle 

During a rainstorm, when soil becomes saturated, the amount of infiltration 

• decreases and runoff decreases 
• decreases and runoff increases 
• increases and runoff decreases 
• increases and runoff increases