VS.9c

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1954 (Brown v. Board of Education) that “separate but equal” public schools were:

• legal
• not a great idea
• unconstitutional
• constitutional

As a result of the Civil Rights Movement, laws were passed that:

• made it legal to  have separate schools for African Americans, as long as they were just as good as the white schools
• made racial discrimination illegal
• segregation legal

As governor of Virginia from 1970-1974, A. Linwood Holton -

• promoted racial equality, appointing more African Americans to positions in the state government
• was the first African American to be elected a state governor.
• supported Senator Harry Byrd's policy of Massive Resistance

The Massive Resistance Movement against the integration of public schools was led by

• Virginia Governor A. Linwood Holton Jr.
• Virginia Senator Harry F. Byrd, Sr.
• Bank President Maggie L. Walker
• Virginia Governor L. Douglas Wilder

What was "Massive Resistance" intended to do?

• stop school segregation
• stop discrimination
• stop school integration
• integrate

Who is Woodrow Wilson?

• A military leader who created an economic plan to ensure world peace.
• A U.S. president who at the end of World War I wrote a plan that he hoped would achieve world peace.
• A Virginia governor who is well - known for modernizing state government.

Which is NOT true?

• In 1954, the supreme Court ruled that "separate but equal" public schools were unconstitutional. 
• After 1954, public schools, including those in Virginia, were ordered to integrate.
• After 1954, African Americans never again faced discrimination
• The Civil Rights movement resulted in laws that made racial discrimination illegal.

The policy of Massive Resistance:

• failed, and Virginia's public schools were integrated.
• succeeded, and Virginia was allowed to separate schools for African Americans as long as they were equal to white schools. 

Arthur R. Ashe, Jr., was the first African American winner of:

• an Olympic Gold Metal
• a major men's tennis singles championship
• a major league baseball contract

L. Douglas Wilder was the first African American

• to be elected President. 
• to serve in the U.S. Senate.
• to be elected a state governor.
• to sit on the Supreme Court.