Some weed species have developed the ability to resist pesticides. How does the theory of evolution  by natural selection help to explain this ability?

• Due to genetic variations, some weeds in the population had the ability to resist pesticides.
• The weeds developed pesticide-resistant variations because their survival depended on it.
• As the weeds evolved, natural selection resulted in an unfavorable variation in a population.
• In any population of weeds, some weeds will be naturally immune to all kinds of pesticides.

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Every organism requires a set of instructions that specifies its traits. This information is carried within the   cells of the organism. Which set of statements best describes hereditary information in eukaryotic cells? 

• Genes are made up of chromosomes. Chromosomes and genes are found in the cell’s cytoplasm. 
• Chromosomes are made up of genes. Chromosomes and genes are found in the cell’s cytoplasm. 
• Genes are made up of chromosomes. Chromosomes and genes are found in the cell’s nucleus. 
• Chromosomes are made up of genes. Chromosomes and genes are found in the cell’s nucleus. 

The diagram below shows a specific type of cell division. Which type or types of reproduction requires this process?

• sexual reproduction only
• asexual reproduction only
• both asexual and sexual reproduction
• neither asexual nor sexual reproduction

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 For a particular trait, R is dominant to r. Look closely at the Punnett square below.  What is the probability of an offspring having the genotype that results in the appearance of the recessive trait? 

• 25% of the offspring
• 50% of the offspring
• 75% of the offspring
• 100% of the offspring

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This pedigree shows how a trait is passed on in a family. Males in the pedigree are shown with boxes and  females are shown with circles. Individuals who have the trait are shown as darkened figures.   Which two individuals have the trait?

• two sisters
• the father and the mother
• the grandfather and a granddaughter
• the grandmother and a grandson

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The picture below shows organisms that have relationships with trees. For example, shelf fungus  receive water and nutrients from the tree, causing the tree to rot and eventually die over time. What relationship exists between the shelf fungus and the tree?

• commensalism
• competition
• mutualism
• parasitism

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The diagram below shows the relationships among organisms in a food web.   Which of the organisms in the food web can be classified as a secondary consumer?

• rabbit
• deer
• grass
• hawk

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Organisms in a food web are classified as producers, consumers, and decomposers. What information is needed to classify organisms into these categories?

• how the organisms get the energy they need
• the size of each organism
• the environment each organism lives in
• the amount of water the organisms need

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 An introduced species is one that is accidentally or intentionally added to an ecosystem. Lionfish are an introduced species originally from the Western Pacific Ocean that has the potential to harm Florida’s coral  reefs. Lionfish reproduce all year long and consume parrotfish, a beneficial species of fish that eats algae.   Over time, this may cause the reefs to be overgrown with algae. Which of the following best describes the relationship between parrotfish and lionfish? 

• competition
• commensalism
• mutualism
• predation

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  Many factors limit the growth of populations in ecosystems. Human activity can cause changes in ecosystems  and can affect the limiting factors that act on populations. Which of the following factors that can limit population growth has been most affected by humans?  

• predator-prey relationships
• parasitism 
• drought and flooding
• size of natural habitats

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