AP Bio, Evolution

Which statement represents the best explanation for the observation that the nuclear DNA of wolves and domestic dogs has a very high degree of sequence homology?
Dogs and wolves...

• have very similar morphologies.
• belong to the same order.
• are both members of the order Carnivora.
• share a very recent common ancestor.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

It has been observed that organisms on islands are different from, but closely related to, similar forms found on the nearest continent.  This is taken as evidence that ...

• island forms are descended from mainland forms.
• common environments are inhabited by the same organisms.
• island forms and mainland forms have identical gene pools.
• the island forms and mainland forms are converging.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

Arrange the following in order from most general to most specific:
1)  natural selection
2)  microevolution
3)  intrasexual selection
4)  evolution
5)  sexual selection

• 4, 1, 2, 3, 5
• 4, 2, 1, 3, 5
• 4, 2, 1, 5, 3
• 1, 4, 2, 5, 3

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NGSS.HS-LS4-4

Dog breeders maintain the purity of breeds by keeping dogs of different breeds apart when they are fertile. This kind of isolation is most similar to which of the following reproductive isolating mechanisms?

• temporal isolation
• behavioral isolation
• habitat isolation
• gametic isolation

Which of the following is the best modern definition of evolution?

• descent with modification
• change in the number of genes in a population over time
• survival of the fittest
• inheritance of acquired characteristics

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Which statement about variation is true? *remember that phenotypes are influenced by enviroments

• All phenotypic variation is the result of genotypic variation.
• All genetic variation produces phenotypic variation.
• All nucleotide variability results in neutral variation.
• All new alleles are the result of nucleotide variability.

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Genetic variation ____.

• is created by the direct action of natural selection
• arises in response to changes in the environment
• must be present in a population before natural selection can act upon the population
• tends to be reduced by when diploid organisms produce gametes

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Mutation is the only evolutionary mechanism that ____.

• does little to change allele frequencies
• is more important in eukaryotes than in prokaryotes
• happens in all populations
• has no effect on genetic variation

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

Which of the following is a fitness trade-off (compromise)?

• In some hornbill species, the male helps seal the female in a tree with her nest until the young are ready to fledge.
• Hummingbirds are the best pollinators of certain flowers, but bees are the best pollinators for orchids.
• The strong, thick beak of a woodpecker helps it find insects in trees.
• Turtle shells provide protection but are heavy and burdensome when moving.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-4

Catastrophism was Cuvier's attempt to explain the existence of ____.

• evolution
• the fossil record
• uniformitarianism
• the origin of new species

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