Category 1 Cell Structure and Function

Which of these correctly identifies the two cells described in the table?

• Cell 1 is eukaryotic, and cell 2 is prokaryotic
• Cell 1 is prokaryotic, and cell 2 is eukaryotic
• Cell 1 and cell 2 are eukaryotic
• Cell 1 and cell 2 are prokaryotic

Cells can generate as many as 36 to 38 molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from the metabolism of one molecule of glucose.  Which cellular process results in this amount of ATP production?

• Anaerobic cellular respiration
• Protein synthesis
• Aerobic cellular respiration
• Photosynthesis

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

Some students used vinegar to dissolve away the shells of three eggs and used these eggs as models of human red blood cells. The students observed the changes in the eggs when they were placed in different solutions.
Which statement best describes the role of the cell membrane in this model?

• The cell membrane is an impermeable barrier that prevents water from entering the cell.
• The cell membrane allows solutes to enter the cell, which causes the cell to shrink.
• The cell membrane allows water to enter and leave the cell.
  
• The cell membrane removes solutes from the environment.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

H1N1 flu is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the influenza A (H1N1) virus.  The symptoms of H1N1 flu are listed in the box below.  An antiviral agent administered within 48 hours of the appearance of symptoms can reduce the severity of the illness.
Why is it important to administer an antiviral agent to an infected person within 48 hours of the appearance of symptoms?

• The H1N1 virus is dormant in cells.
• The H1N1 virus replicates quickly.
• The H1N1 virus does not mutate.
• The H1N1 virus is transmitted through a vector host, such as a mosquito.

Models of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and an animal cell are shown below.
What is the difference in the function of the glycoprotein structures of an HIV virion and the cilia of an animal cell?

• The glycoprotein structures are used for attachment, and the cilia are used to move fluids surrounding the cell.
• The glycoprotein structures are used for attachment, and the cilia are used to move fluids inside the cell.
• The glycoprotein structures are used to provide physical support for the viral envelope, and the cilia strengthen the cell membrane.
• The glycoprotein structures are used for defense, and the cilia are used for locomotion.

The model represents the change in the DNA content of a cell during the cell cycle.
Which part of the model represents the S phase?

• I
• II
• III
• IV

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Scientists can bioengineer skin in a laboratory to treat severe burns and other types of skin injuries.  This bioengineered tissue is grown from living cells.  The cellular process that enables the cells to grow and develop into tissue is -

• conjuntion
• meiosis
• budding
• mitosis

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

A student preparing for a hike wants to pack a snack that has biomolecules that provide quickly available energy but few excess calories.  Which nutrition label lists the best combination of biomolecules that provide quickly available energy while providing the fewest calories from other types of biomolecules?

• a
• b
• c
• d

The differences between two molecules include the type of sugar that forms a section of the molecules and the identity of one of the four nitrogenous bases that make up another section of the molecules. These two molecules are -

• Proteins
• Lipids
• Nucleic acids
• Complex carbohydrates

The table below lists the types of white blood cells found in humans, indicates how abundant they are, and describes their functions.
The two most abundant types of white blood cells may both be involved in a response to which of these?

• Injury
• Heat
  Heat
• Allergens
• Bacterial infection