Chapters 23-27 APUSH

[In colonies], the mother-country had won a foothold in a foreign land, seeking a new outlet for what it had to sell, a new sphere for its shipping, more employment for its people, and more comfort and wealth for itself …   … Having [no] foreign establishments, either colonial or military, the ships of war of the United States, in war, will be like land birds, unable to fly far from their own shores. To provide resting-places for them, where they can coal and repair, would be one of the first duties of a government proposing to itself the development of the power of the nation at sea….   … The question is eminently one in which the influence of the government should make itself felt, to build up for the nation a navy which, if not capable of reaching distant countries, shall at least be able to keep clear the chief approaches to its own. The eyes of the country have for a quarter of a century been turned from the sea. … It may safely be said that it is essential to the welfare of the whole country that the conditions of trade and commerce should remain, as far as possible, unaffected by an external war. In order to do this, the enemy must be kept not only out of our ports, but far away from our coasts. - Alfred T. Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1890
Which of the following best describes 19th century Europe which helped spur arguments in America such as that of Mahan?

• The major powers were dramaticaly expanding their empires around the world. 
• The limited land space of the European countries was causing overcrowding in America. 
• The major European countries were rapidly developing new technologies, due to easier access to natural resources of other countries. 
• The European countries were increasingly forming European alliances. 

[In colonies], the mother-country had won a foothold in a foreign land, seeking a new outlet for what it had to sell, a new sphere for its shipping, more employment for its people, and more comfort and wealth for itself …   … Having [no] foreign establishments, either colonial or military, the ships of war of the United States, in war, will be like land birds, unable to fly far from their own shores. To provide resting-places for them, where they can coal and repair, would be one of the first duties of a government proposing to itself the development of the power of the nation at sea….   … The question is eminently one in which the influence of the government should make itself felt, to build up for the nation a navy which, if not capable of reaching distant countries, shall at least be able to keep clear the chief approaches to its own. The eyes of the country have for a quarter of a century been turned from the sea. … It may safely be said that it is essential to the welfare of the whole country that the conditions of trade and commerce should remain, as far as possible, unaffected by an external war. In order to do this, the enemy must be kept not only out of our ports, but far away from our coasts. - Alfred T. Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1890
Some historians believe that Mahan's thesis was a turning point in American foreign policy during this time period. Which historical evidence best supports this belief?

• U.S. involvement in China
• Securing U.S. Naval access in the Middle East
• U.S. involvement in the Phillippines
• U.S. support of Cuba against the Spanish

[In colonies], the mother-country had won a foothold in a foreign land, seeking a new outlet for what it had to sell, a new sphere for its shipping, more employment for its people, and more comfort and wealth for itself …   … Having [no] foreign establishments, either colonial or military, the ships of war of the United States, in war, will be like land birds, unable to fly far from their own shores. To provide resting-places for them, where they can coal and repair, would be one of the first duties of a government proposing to itself the development of the power of the nation at sea….   … The question is eminently one in which the influence of the government should make itself felt, to build up for the nation a navy which, if not capable of reaching distant countries, shall at least be able to keep clear the chief approaches to its own. The eyes of the country have for a quarter of a century been turned from the sea. … It may safely be said that it is essential to the welfare of the whole country that the conditions of trade and commerce should remain, as far as possible, unaffected by an external war. In order to do this, the enemy must be kept not only out of our ports, but far away from our coasts. - Alfred T. Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1890
Mahan's argument best parallels which argument used to defend the great wealth during this time period?

• Gospel of Wealth
• Nativism
• Survival of the Fittest
• Eugenics

Have we no mission to perform, no duty to discharge to our fellow-man? Has God endowed us with gifts beyond our deserts and marked us as the people of His [favor]? ... Would not the people of the Philippines prefer the just, humane, civilizing government of this Republic to the savage, bloody rule of pillage and extortion from which we have rescued them? … Do we owe no duty to the world? Shall we turn these people back to the reeking hands from which we have taken them? Shall we abandon them, with Germany, England, Japan, hungering for them? Shall we save them from these nations, to give them a self-rule of tragedy?   American energy is greater than Spanish sloth.  … We cannot retreat from any soil where Providence has unfurled our banner; it is our [destiny] to save that soil for liberty and civilization. - Albert J. Beveridge, "The March of the Flag", 1898.
Which philosophy best parallels the argument by Beveridge to support intervention in the Philippines? 

• "White Man's Burden"
• Social Gospel
• "Influence of Sea Power"
• Survival of the Fittest 

I walked the floor of the White House night after night until midnight; and I am not ashamed to tell you, gentlemen, that I went down on my knees and prayed Almighty God for light and guidance more than one night.  And one night late it came to me this way...(1) that we could not give them back to Spain -- that would be cowardly and dishonorable; (2) that we could not turn them over to France or Germany -- our commercial rivals in the Orient -- that would be bad business and discreditable; (3) that we could not leave them to themselves -- they were unfit for self government -- and they would soon have anarchy and misrule worse than Spain's was; and (4) that there was nothing left for us to do but take them all, and to educate the Filipinos, and uplift and civilize them, and by God's grace do the very best we could by them..." - President William McKinley, speech to a Methodist Church group, November 1899
Which event is most directly connected to McKinley's speech?

• A conflict occurred in the Philippines lasting longer than the Spanish American War.
• African American soldiers changed sides and fought on behalf of the Filipinos.
• The Spanish American War was declared which freed the Filipinos from Spanish rule.
• A conflict in China known as The Boxer Rebellion was suppressed by European countries. 

Article I: The Government of Cuba shall never enter into any treaty or other compact with any foreign powers which will impair or tend to impair the independence of Cuba, nor in any manner authorize or permit any foreign power or powers to obtain by colonization or for military or naval purposes, or otherwise, lodgment in or control over any portion of said island. ...   Article III: The Government of Cuba consents that the United States may exercise the right to intervene for the preservation of Cuban independence, the maintenance of a government adequate for the protection of life, property, and individual liberty, and for discharging the obligations with respect to Cuba imposed by the Treaty of Paris on the United States, now to be assumed and undertaken by the Government of Cuba...   Article VII: To enable the United States to maintain the independence of Cuba, and to protect the people thereof, as well as for its own defense, the Government of Cuba will sell or lease to the Unites States lands necessary for coaling or naval stations, at certain specified points, to be agreed upon with the President of the United States. -SOURCE: The Platt Amendment, 1903.
Which foreign policy is best described within the excerpt above?

• A conflict occurred in the Philippines lasting longer than the Spanish American War.
• Big Stick Policy
• Missionary Diplomacy 
• Dollar Diplomacy

Article I: The Government of Cuba shall never enter into any treaty or other compact with any foreign powers which will impair or tend to impair the independence of Cuba, nor in any manner authorize or permit any foreign power or powers to obtain by colonization or for military or naval purposes, or otherwise, lodgment in or control over any portion of said island. ...   Article III: The Government of Cuba consents that the United States may exercise the right to intervene for the preservation of Cuban independence, the maintenance of a government adequate for the protection of life, property, and individual liberty, and for discharging the obligations with respect to Cuba imposed by the Treaty of Paris on the United States, now to be assumed and undertaken by the Government of Cuba...   Article VII: To enable the United States to maintain the independence of Cuba, and to protect the people thereof, as well as for its own defense, the Government of Cuba will sell or lease to the Unites States lands necessary for coaling or naval stations, at certain specified points, to be agreed upon with the President of the United States. -SOURCE: The Platt Amendment, 1903.
The Platt Amendment was most directly made in reaction to which of the following?

• A conflict occurred in the Philippines lasting longer than the Spanish American War.
• Jose Marti declared a Cuban Revolution for independence. 
• The stipulations of the Treaty of Paris 
• Cuba became a United States territory after the Spanish American War. 

Which group would most likely challenge the point of view of the 1910 Political Cartoon? 

• A conflict occurred in the Philippines lasting longer than the Spanish American War.
• The Anti-Imperialist League
• Imperialists
• Bankers and Captains of Industry 

"It is not true that the Unites States feels any land hunger... as regards to the other nations of the Western Hemisphere save such as are for their welfare. All that this country desires is to see the neighboring countries stable, orderly, and prosperous. Any country whose people conduct themselves well can count upon our hearty friendship. If a nation shows that it knows how to act with reasonable efficiency and decency in social and political matters, if it keeps order and pays its obligations, it need fear no interference from the United States. Chronic wrongdoing, or any impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society [however], may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power... It is a mere truism to say that every nation, whether in American or anywhere else, which desires to maintain its freedom, its independence, must ultimately realize that the right of such independence cannot be separated from the responsibility of making good use of it."  The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, 1904
Which most accurately describes how the  Roosevelt Corollary was a turning point in American Foreign Policy?

• A conflict occurred in the Philippines lasting longer than the Spanish American War.
• America began to support Latin American countries through loans from bankers and wealthy businessmen.  
• America moved from progressive ideals to traditional foreign policy.  
• America moved from isolationism to a regulator of independence.  

"...We earnestly condemn the policies of the present National Administration in the Philippines...We denounce the slaughter of the Filipinos as a needless horror. We protest against the extension of American Sovereignty by Spanish methods."We demand the immediate cessation of the war against liberty, begun by Spain and continues by us. We urge that congress be promptly convened to announce to the Filipinos our purpose to concede to them the independence for which they have so long fought and which is right of theirs.   "The United States have always protested against the doctrine of international law which permits the subjugation of the weak by the strong. A self-governing state cannot accept sovereignty over an unwilling people. The United States cannot act upon the ancient heresy that might makes right...When the white man governs himself, that is self-government, but when he governs himself and also governs another man, that is more than self-government -- that is despotism." -  Anti-Imperialist League, 1899
Who would most likely agree with the passage above?

• The African Americans fighting with Emilio Aguinaldo
• The African Americans fighting with the Rough Riders in Cuba
• The suppressors of the Boxer Rebellion in China
• The nativists leading the fight against labor unions